{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394576159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071288","title":"Detection of Military Targets on Ground and Sea by UAVs with Low-Altitude Oblique Perspective","display_name":"Detection of Military Targets on Ground and Sea by UAVs with Low-Altitude Oblique Perspective","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394576159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16071288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1288/pdf?version=1712328710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1288/pdf?version=1712328710","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060451148","display_name":"Bohan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4629-9381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666838","display_name":"Shan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong Institute of Electro-Optics, Wuhan 430073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong Institute of Electro-Optics, Wuhan 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046636442","display_name":"Yuelei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2540-3096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuelei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589393","display_name":"Zhaoxiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-1469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373601","display_name":"Fan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-3162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033815196","display_name":"Chenghang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046636442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.5108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96786848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1288","last_page":"1288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7352417707443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5814316868782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5200271606445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.5093994736671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4606461822986603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3398629426956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33977648615837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11134383082389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09617328643798828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7352417707443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5814316868782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5200271606445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.5093994736671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4606461822986603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3398629426956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33977648615837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11134383082389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09617328643798828}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16071288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1288/pdf?version=1712328710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77693ae4cd1349119bf943fbe5c3357f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77693ae4cd1349119bf943fbe5c3357f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 1288 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16071288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1288/pdf?version=1712328710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3458682857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.52302506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394576159.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1588948804","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2921257786","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2970212220","https://openalex.org/W2983342848","https://openalex.org/W2986226382","https://openalex.org/W2987699057","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3035502324","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3125412419","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3165924482","https://openalex.org/W3172509117","https://openalex.org/W3172993807","https://openalex.org/W4214493665","https://openalex.org/W4226043703","https://openalex.org/W4303980730","https://openalex.org/W4304606344","https://openalex.org/W4312622970","https://openalex.org/W4313007769","https://openalex.org/W4313591362","https://openalex.org/W4319303187","https://openalex.org/W4385422154","https://openalex.org/W4385805780","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386475931","https://openalex.org/W4387343896","https://openalex.org/W4388235933","https://openalex.org/W4389977645","https://openalex.org/W4391021084","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6810686299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978048274","https://openalex.org/W2348329006","https://openalex.org/W2379031960","https://openalex.org/W2376458710","https://openalex.org/W2231217681","https://openalex.org/W2914759737","https://openalex.org/W2984158411","https://openalex.org/W4253283976","https://openalex.org/W4231347762","https://openalex.org/W374553806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small-scale":[0],"low-altitude":[1],"unmanned":[2],"aerial":[3],"vehicles":[4],"(UAVs)":[5],"equipped":[6],"with":[7],"perception":[8],"capability":[9],"for":[10,17],"military":[11,45,156],"targets":[12,157],"will":[13],"become":[14],"increasingly":[15],"essential":[16],"strategic":[18],"reconnaissance":[19,149],"and":[20,34,42,60,74,179],"stationary":[21],"patrols":[22],"in":[23,63,93,158],"the":[24,40,72,75,78,88,95,103,115,120,131,135,140,168,180,183,186,193],"future.":[25],"To":[26],"respond":[27],"to":[28,113,129,144,166],"challenges":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31,37,39],"complex":[32,159],"terrain":[33],"weather":[35],"variations,":[36],"well":[38],"deception":[41],"camouflage":[43],"of":[44,71,99,119,134,155,185],"targets,":[46],"this":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"a":[50,64,106,153],"hybrid":[51],"detection":[52,141],"model":[53],"that":[54],"combines":[55],"Convolutional":[56],"Neural":[57],"Network":[58,82],"(CNN)":[59],"Transformer":[61],"architecture":[62],"decoupled":[65],"manner.":[66],"The":[67],"proposed":[68,112,128,169,187,194],"detector":[69,195],"consists":[70],"C-branch":[73],"T-branch.":[76],"In":[77,102,171,190],"C-branch,":[79],"Multi-gradient":[80],"Path":[81],"(MgpNet)":[83],"is":[84,111,127],"introduced,":[85],"inspired":[86],"by":[87],"multi-gradient":[89],"flow":[90],"strategy,":[91],"excelling":[92],"capturing":[94],"local":[96],"feature":[97,117,124,132],"information":[98,118],"an":[100,163],"image.":[101,122],"T-branch,":[104],"RPFormer,":[105],"Region\u2013Pixel":[107],"two-stage":[108],"attention":[109],"mechanism,":[110],"aggregate":[114],"global":[116],"whole":[121],"A":[123],"fusion":[125,175,188],"strategy":[126],"merge":[130],"layers":[133],"two":[136],"branches,":[137],"further":[138],"improving":[139],"accuracy.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"better":[145],"simulate":[146],"real":[147],"UAVs\u2019":[148],"environments,":[150],"we":[151],"construct":[152],"dataset":[154],"environments":[160],"captured":[161],"from":[162],"oblique":[164],"perspective":[165],"evaluate":[167],"detector.":[170],"ablation":[172],"experiments,":[173,192],"different":[174],"methods":[176],"are":[177],"validated,":[178],"results":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"effectiveness":[184],"strategy.":[189],"comparative":[191],"outperforms":[196],"most":[197],"advanced":[198],"general":[199],"detectors.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}