{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393317302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071199","title":"Assessing the Potential of Multi-Temporal Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks in SAR-to-Optical Image Translation for Early-Stage Crop Monitoring","display_name":"Assessing the Potential of Multi-Temporal Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks in SAR-to-Optical Image Translation for Early-Stage Crop Monitoring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393317302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16071199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1199/pdf?version=1711698991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1199/pdf?version=1711698991","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033941562","display_name":"Geun-Ho Kwak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8474-1006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geun-Ho Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 15627, Republic of Korea","Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 15627, Republic of Korea;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 15627, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 15627, Republic of Korea;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024837830","display_name":"No-Wook Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9778-3624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"No-Wook Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoinformatic Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoinformatic Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033941562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.8674,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95373459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1199","last_page":"1199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6377718448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6188488006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5986186265945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5814472436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5612669587135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5154200792312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-translation","display_name":"Image translation","score":0.5058250427246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.40114519000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17775815725326538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6377718448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6188488006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5986186265945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5814472436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5612669587135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5154200792312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.5058250427246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40114519000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17775815725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16071199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1199/pdf?version=1711698991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d22153b2a24f4f43bae8b6d2e4370d20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d22153b2a24f4f43bae8b6d2e4370d20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 1199 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16071199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1199/pdf?version=1711698991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393317302.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969548928","https://openalex.org/W2001599060","https://openalex.org/W2021662310","https://openalex.org/W2090702492","https://openalex.org/W2610947800","https://openalex.org/W2883102714","https://openalex.org/W2900500013","https://openalex.org/W2914965007","https://openalex.org/W2952411786","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2971888276","https://openalex.org/W2972279533","https://openalex.org/W2999000103","https://openalex.org/W3005406698","https://openalex.org/W3007629215","https://openalex.org/W3010657180","https://openalex.org/W3015653929","https://openalex.org/W3023149787","https://openalex.org/W3037944168","https://openalex.org/W3043695781","https://openalex.org/W3047424341","https://openalex.org/W3123352549","https://openalex.org/W3157994709","https://openalex.org/W3185180736","https://openalex.org/W3189052839","https://openalex.org/W4200147790","https://openalex.org/W4205974971","https://openalex.org/W4225291623","https://openalex.org/W4245675038","https://openalex.org/W4280561916","https://openalex.org/W4285179303","https://openalex.org/W4285203116","https://openalex.org/W4308281022","https://openalex.org/W4312109376","https://openalex.org/W4312925550","https://openalex.org/W4317433467","https://openalex.org/W4318478765","https://openalex.org/W4318824689","https://openalex.org/W4321376230","https://openalex.org/W4361205127","https://openalex.org/W4380894266","https://openalex.org/W4387150648","https://openalex.org/W4388562997","https://openalex.org/W4388635153","https://openalex.org/W4392237348","https://openalex.org/W6784717751","https://openalex.org/W6806129453","https://openalex.org/W6848686641","https://openalex.org/W6853845483","https://openalex.org/W6858708880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288069866","https://openalex.org/W4389232935","https://openalex.org/W3155045749","https://openalex.org/W2936127876","https://openalex.org/W2905311601","https://openalex.org/W3192242026","https://openalex.org/W4387421677","https://openalex.org/W4213477128","https://openalex.org/W2806541789","https://openalex.org/W2957407072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"incomplete":[1],"construction":[2,30],"of":[3,14,21,31,41,56,80,93,112,119,208,240,247,284],"optical":[4,22,34,83,276],"image":[5,35,39,71,104,164,258,288],"time":[6,36],"series":[7,37],"caused":[8],"by":[9,216],"cloud":[10],"contamination":[11],"is":[12,44],"one":[13],"the":[15,19,29,54,91,116,123,127,130,156,194,200,203,237,253,282,294],"major":[16],"limitations":[17],"facing":[18],"application":[20],"satellite":[23],"images":[24,84,153,308],"in":[25,49,90,129,155,173,190,234,272,286],"crop":[26,95,191,235,291],"monitoring.":[27,96],"Thus,":[28],"a":[32,65,74,78,87,302],"complete":[33],"via":[38],"reconstruction":[40],"cloud-contaminated":[42],"regions":[43],"essential":[45],"for":[46,136,211,290,304,309],"thematic":[47],"mapping":[48],"croplands.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"investigates":[53],"potential":[55,283],"multi-temporal":[57],"conditional":[58],"generative":[59],"adversarial":[60],"networks":[61],"(MTcGANs)":[62],"that":[63,246],"use":[64],"single":[66],"synthetic":[67],"aperture":[68],"radar":[69],"(SAR)":[70],"acquired":[72,85,154],"on":[73,86,122],"prediction":[75,117,131,197,238],"date":[76,89],"and":[77,82,151,169,196,218,224,249,275,298],"pair":[79],"SAR":[81,274],"reference":[88,195],"context":[92],"early-stage":[94],"MTcGAN":[97,120,160,181,209,241,261,285],"has":[98],"an":[99,143],"advantage":[100],"over":[101],"conventional":[102],"SAR-to-optical":[103,163,287],"translation":[105,165,289],"methods":[106],"as":[107,301],"it":[108],"allows":[109],"input":[110,124,138,177,257,307],"data":[111,125,139],"various":[113,176],"compositions.":[114,178],"As":[115],"performance":[118,132],"depends":[121],"composition,":[126],"variations":[128],"should":[133],"be":[134,265],"assessed":[135],"different":[137],"combination":[140],"cases.":[141],"Such":[142],"assessment":[144],"was":[145,182,187,213,242,262],"performed":[146],"through":[147],"experiments":[148],"using":[149],"Sentinel-1":[150],"-2":[152],"US":[157],"Corn":[158],"Belt.":[159],"outperformed":[161],"existing":[162],"methods,":[166],"including":[167],"Pix2Pix":[168,222,248],"supervised":[170],"CycleGAN":[171],"(S-CycleGAN),":[172],"cases":[174],"representing":[175],"In":[179],"particular,":[180],"substantially":[183],"superior":[184],"when":[185,229,267],"there":[186,230],"little":[188],"change":[189],"vitality":[192],"between":[193,256],"dates.":[198],"For":[199],"SWIR1":[201],"band,":[202],"root":[204],"mean":[205],"square":[206],"error":[207],"(0.021)":[210],"corn":[212],"significantly":[214],"improved":[215],"54.4%":[217],"50.0%":[219],"compared":[220],"to":[221,264],"(0.046)":[223],"S-CycleGAN":[225],"(0.042),":[226],"respectively.":[227],"Even":[228],"were":[231,269],"large":[232],"changes":[233],"vitality,":[236],"accuracy":[239],"more":[243],"than":[244],"twice":[245],"S-CycleGAN.":[250],"Without":[251],"considering":[252],"temporal":[254],"intervals":[255],"acquisition":[259],"dates,":[260],"found":[263],"beneficial":[266],"crops":[268],"visually":[270],"distinct":[271],"both":[273],"images.":[277],"These":[278],"experimental":[279],"results":[280],"demonstrate":[281],"monitoring":[292],"during":[293],"early":[295],"growth":[296],"stage":[297],"can":[299],"serve":[300],"guideline":[303],"selecting":[305],"appropriate":[306],"MTcGAN.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-23T23:20:30.427331","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}