{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392921021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061055","title":"Causal Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Remote Sensing Data Classification","display_name":"Causal Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Remote Sensing Data Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392921021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16061055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1055/pdf?version=1710752554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1055/pdf?version=1710752554","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614552","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1569-9807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108064895","display_name":"Xuesong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-1088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427190","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091364297","display_name":"Yuhu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-9999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuhu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091364297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8539983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"1055","last_page":"1055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.6480000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.6480000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.6406000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.580298125743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5728380680084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4020589590072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3915293216705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3415025472640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0987873375415802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.580298125743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5728380680084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4020589590072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3915293216705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3415025472640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0987873375415802}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16061055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1055/pdf?version=1710752554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a81d9842a21457e8188a62fd89b3cde","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a81d9842a21457e8188a62fd89b3cde","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 1055 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/6/1055/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16061055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16061055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1055/pdf?version=1710752554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1584331651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M733757","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1936268629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20221116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030376154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2178665478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6217625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3910829908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4358952723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62303468","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4756161396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4823360002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373364","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5030940285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8542357367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20221116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392921021.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965309615","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2139053308","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2600746131","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2765739551","https://openalex.org/W2890133123","https://openalex.org/W2962991582","https://openalex.org/W2966349401","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W3016244469","https://openalex.org/W3118881636","https://openalex.org/W3121045039","https://openalex.org/W3128930327","https://openalex.org/W3135203571","https://openalex.org/W3163842339","https://openalex.org/W3165209762","https://openalex.org/W3170457273","https://openalex.org/W3188606522","https://openalex.org/W3197832506","https://openalex.org/W3200799048","https://openalex.org/W3202733799","https://openalex.org/W3208134787","https://openalex.org/W3209562871","https://openalex.org/W3211583675","https://openalex.org/W3216295919","https://openalex.org/W4207039831","https://openalex.org/W4210392637","https://openalex.org/W4210405825","https://openalex.org/W4223578426","https://openalex.org/W4225712251","https://openalex.org/W4280584324","https://openalex.org/W4282930896","https://openalex.org/W4283760989","https://openalex.org/W4285134520","https://openalex.org/W4285278949","https://openalex.org/W4298005620","https://openalex.org/W4298146218","https://openalex.org/W4306964490","https://openalex.org/W4312208437","https://openalex.org/W4313378835","https://openalex.org/W4313476641","https://openalex.org/W4319303173","https://openalex.org/W4323338513","https://openalex.org/W4366503951","https://openalex.org/W4379929708","https://openalex.org/W4379930841","https://openalex.org/W4380631725","https://openalex.org/W4380763457","https://openalex.org/W4381162568","https://openalex.org/W4383173614","https://openalex.org/W4383200214","https://openalex.org/W4387197022","https://openalex.org/W4387385599","https://openalex.org/W4387448078","https://openalex.org/W4388505065","https://openalex.org/W6776331362","https://openalex.org/W6800451531","https://openalex.org/W6802111531","https://openalex.org/W6841421343","https://openalex.org/W6849344144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"remote":[1,67,104,246],"sensing":[2,68,105,247],"data":[3,16,30,69,106,128,163,248],"classification":[4,70,107,151,249],"can":[5],"enhance":[6],"a":[7,65,98,184,193],"model\u2019s":[8],"ability":[9,222],"to":[10,22],"distinguish":[11],"land":[12],"features":[13,95],"through":[14],"multimodal":[15,29,103,127,136,162,225,234,245],"fusion.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19,54],"context,":[20],"how":[21],"help":[23],"models":[24],"understand":[25,122],"the":[26,36,42,81,87,116,120,123,141,178,204,212,238],"relationship":[27],"between":[28,113,126,169],"and":[31,50,61,72,96,115,129,153,164,172,197],"target":[32],"tasks":[33],"has":[34],"become":[35],"focus":[37],"of":[38,89,93,135,207,233],"researchers.":[39],"Inspired":[40],"by":[41],"human":[43],"feedback":[44,82,110],"learning":[45,63,76,83,100,112],"mechanism,":[46,49,53,84,144,181],"causal":[47,57,74,142,147,154,159],"reasoning":[48],"knowledge":[51,179],"induction":[52,180],"paper":[55],"integrates":[56],"learning,":[58,60],"reinforcement":[59,99],"meta":[62,194,198],"into":[64],"unified":[66],"framework":[71],"proposes":[73],"meta-reinforcement":[75],"(CMRL).":[77],"First,":[78],"based":[79,139,176,188],"on":[80,140,177,189,230],"we":[85,118,145,182,210],"overcame":[86],"limitations":[88],"traditional":[90],"implicit":[91],"optimization":[92,186],"fusion":[94],"customized":[97],"environment":[101],"for":[102,223],"tasks.":[108,250],"Through":[109],"interactive":[111],"agents":[114,121],"environment,":[117],"helped":[119,211],"complex":[124],"relationships":[125],"labels,":[130],"thereby":[131,218],"achieving":[132],"full":[133],"mining":[134],"complementary":[137],"information.Second,":[138],"inference":[143],"designed":[146,183],"distribution":[148],"prediction":[149],"actions,":[150],"rewards,":[152,156],"intervention":[155],"capturing":[157],"pure":[158],"factors":[160,171],"in":[161,203,244],"preventing":[165],"false":[166],"statistical":[167],"associations":[168],"non-causal":[170],"class":[173],"labels.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"bi-layer":[185],"mechanism":[187],"meta-learning.":[190],"By":[191],"constructing":[192],"training":[195],"task":[196,200],"validation":[199],"simulation":[201],"model":[202,213],"generalization":[205,221],"scenario":[206],"unseen":[208,224],"data,":[209],"induce":[214],"cross-task":[215],"shared":[216],"knowledge,":[217],"improving":[219],"its":[220],"data.":[226],"The":[227],"experimental":[228],"results":[229],"multiple":[231],"sets":[232],"datasets":[235],"showed":[236],"that":[237],"proposed":[239],"method":[240],"achieved":[241],"state-of-the-art":[242],"performance":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
