{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392851704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061034","title":"SST Forecast Skills Based on Hybrid Deep Learning Models: With Applications to the South China Sea","display_name":"SST Forecast Skills Based on Hybrid Deep Learning Models: With Applications to the South China Sea","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392851704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16061034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1034/pdf?version=1710473291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1034/pdf?version=1710473291","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442189","display_name":"Mengmeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010743586","display_name":"Guijun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8442-7148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guijun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677576","display_name":"Xiaobo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-8476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084180340","display_name":"Chaoliang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019117743","display_name":"Qi Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-5010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697102","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038460937","display_name":"Lige Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0198-1037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lige Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089622254","display_name":"Xuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0830-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090827046","display_name":"Wanqiu Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanqiu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013372776","display_name":"Zenghua Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenghua Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100677576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.3869,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87796452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"1034","last_page":"1034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.7409153580665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forecast-skill","display_name":"Forecast skill","score":0.6949856281280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6394370794296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5093916058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.49963831901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4799354672431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.45387357473373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.4222773313522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.41504332423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.35304564237594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3485596179962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3287758231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2724716067314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2546083331108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1983613669872284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16370955109596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1315193474292755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.7409153580665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170061395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468164","display_name":"Forecast skill","level":2,"score":0.6949856281280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6394370794296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5093916058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.49963831901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4799354672431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.45387357473373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4222773313522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.41504332423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35304564237594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3485596179962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3287758231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2724716067314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2546083331108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1983613669872284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16370955109596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1315193474292755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16061034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1034/pdf?version=1710473291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f16e65fdc9f4c1bbfbd229e82963116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f16e65fdc9f4c1bbfbd229e82963116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 1034 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16061034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1034/pdf?version=1710473291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3315768616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3107800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5627089746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42376190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8796544239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41876014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392851704.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1473396146","https://openalex.org/W1988943580","https://openalex.org/W2029654003","https://openalex.org/W2034139177","https://openalex.org/W2035409758","https://openalex.org/W2054742893","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2125056386","https://openalex.org/W2131070146","https://openalex.org/W2133150654","https://openalex.org/W2148819271","https://openalex.org/W2294585790","https://openalex.org/W2349192021","https://openalex.org/W2400192339","https://openalex.org/W2795350985","https://openalex.org/W2885316816","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2941563113","https://openalex.org/W2968862935","https://openalex.org/W2997427462","https://openalex.org/W3022238508","https://openalex.org/W3042493930","https://openalex.org/W3086833697","https://openalex.org/W3114394032","https://openalex.org/W3162050719","https://openalex.org/W3187765874","https://openalex.org/W3191953568","https://openalex.org/W3193207809","https://openalex.org/W3212172539","https://openalex.org/W4213265320","https://openalex.org/W4289857175","https://openalex.org/W4311147076","https://openalex.org/W4367173722","https://openalex.org/W6800011002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200496917","https://openalex.org/W1964842106","https://openalex.org/W3164092017","https://openalex.org/W2379582517","https://openalex.org/W2384929967","https://openalex.org/W4304892216","https://openalex.org/W2370343288","https://openalex.org/W2088020787","https://openalex.org/W2047761091","https://openalex.org/W2391514699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"explore":[1],"to":[2,19,136,157,224,236,243,267],"what":[3],"extent":[4],"data-driven":[5],"prediction":[6],"models":[7,36,86,162,202],"have":[8],"skills":[9,120],"in":[10,187,269],"forecasting":[11],"daily":[12,75],"sea-surface":[13],"temperature":[14],"(SST),":[15],"which":[16],"are":[17,37,102,121,163],"comparable":[18],"or":[20],"perform":[21],"better":[22],"than":[23],"current":[24],"physics-based":[25],"operational":[26],"systems":[27],"over":[28,111,189],"long-range":[29],"forecast":[30,119,142,197,207,220],"horizons.":[31],"Three":[32],"hybrid":[33],"deep":[34,48],"learning-based":[35],"developed":[38],"within":[39],"the":[40,88,112,147,196,205,213,253,270,273],"South":[41],"China":[42],"Sea":[43],"(SCS)":[44],"basin":[45],"by":[46,246],"integrating":[47],"neural":[49,215],"networks":[50],"(back":[51],"propagation,":[52],"long":[53],"short-term":[54],"memory,":[55],"and":[56,66,109,129,174,256],"gated":[57],"recurrent":[58],"unit)":[59],"with":[60,133],"traditional":[61],"empirical":[62,67],"orthogonal":[63],"function":[64],"analysis":[65],"mode":[68],"decomposition.":[69],"Utilizing":[70],"a":[71,80,138,168,184,218,247],"40-year":[72],"(1982\u20132021)":[73],"satellite-based":[74],"SST":[76,95],"time":[77,149,238,262],"series":[78],"on":[79,87,194,261],"0.25\u00b0":[81],"grid,":[82],"we":[83],"train":[84],"these":[85,201],"first":[89],"32":[90],"years":[91,115],"(1982\u20132013)":[92],"of":[93,166,172,177,210,249,272],"detrended":[94],"anomaly":[96,125],"(SSTA)":[97],"data.":[98],"Their":[99],"predictive":[100],"accuracies":[101],"then":[103],"validated":[104],"using":[105,123],"data":[106],"from":[107,252,265],"2014":[108],"tested":[110],"subsequent":[113],"seven":[114],"(2015\u20132021).":[116],"The":[117,161],"models\u2019":[118],"assessed":[122],"spatial":[124],"correlation":[126],"coefficient":[127],"(ACC)":[128],"root-mean-square":[130],"error":[131],"(RMSE),":[132],"ACC":[134,151,171],"proving":[135],"be":[137,158,244],"stricter":[139],"metric.":[140],"A":[141],"skill":[143,198,221],"horizon,":[144,182],"defined":[145],"as":[146],"lead":[148],"before":[150],"drops":[152],"below":[153],"0.6,":[154],"is":[155,203],"determined":[156],"50":[159,225],"days.":[160],"equally":[164],"capable":[165],"achieving":[167],"basin-wide":[169],"average":[170,195],"~0.62":[173],"an":[175],"RMSE":[176,188],"~0.48":[178],"\u00b0C":[179],"at":[180],"this":[181],"indicating":[183],"36%":[185],"improvement":[186],"climatology.":[190],"This":[191,240],"implies":[192],"that":[193,232],"horizon":[199,222],"for":[200,227],"beyond":[204],"available":[206],"length.":[208],"Analysis":[209],"one":[211],"model,":[212],"BP":[214],"network,":[216],"reveals":[217],"variable":[219],"(5":[223],"days)":[226],"each":[228],"individual":[229],"day,":[230],"showing":[231],"it":[233],"can":[234],"adapt":[235],"different":[237],"scales.":[239],"adaptability":[241],"seems":[242],"influenced":[245],"number":[248],"mechanisms":[250],"arising":[251],"evident":[254],"regional":[255],"global":[257],"atmosphere\u2013ocean":[258],"coupling":[259],"variations":[260],"scales":[263],"ranging":[264],"intraseasonal":[266],"decadal":[268],"SSTA":[271],"SCS":[274],"basin.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-23T23:20:30.427331","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
