{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392241443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050839","title":"Mapping Remote Roads Using Artificial Intelligence and Satellite Imagery","display_name":"Mapping Remote Roads Using Artificial Intelligence and Satellite Imagery","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392241443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16050839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050839","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/839/pdf?version=1709127281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/839/pdf?version=1709127281","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025327774","display_name":"Sean Sloan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-0203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28638086","display_name":"Vancouver Island University","ror":"https://ror.org/033wcvv61","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28638086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU","CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sean Sloan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia","Department of Geography, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-0203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28638086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061514416","display_name":"Raiyan R. Talkhani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raiyan R. Talkhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767738","display_name":"Tao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-8906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-8906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070328072","display_name":"Jayden E. Engert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-2058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayden Engert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-2058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010968442","display_name":"William F. Laurance","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4430-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William F. Laurance","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4430-9408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025327774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28638086","https://openalex.org/I86467917"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.0004,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96865473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"839","last_page":"839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6395052075386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.5618494749069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5101175904273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4360720217227936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.4135856330394745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4106948971748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.38058650493621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.321475625038147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6395052075386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.5618494749069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5101175904273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4360720217227936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.4135856330394745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4106948971748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.38058650493621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.321475625038147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16050839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050839","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/839/pdf?version=1709127281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:86025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/86025/1/86025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196350","display_name":"ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","host_organization_name":"James Cook University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee060a82b61f408cac1f81a6627c1c38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee060a82b61f408cac1f81a6627c1c38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 839 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16050839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050839","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/839/pdf?version=1709127281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4933245253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRC-2020-305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320982","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392241443.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W2006714189","https://openalex.org/W2007483844","https://openalex.org/W2016581769","https://openalex.org/W2094308653","https://openalex.org/W2099667461","https://openalex.org/W2110152355","https://openalex.org/W2115058414","https://openalex.org/W2120264830","https://openalex.org/W2129096093","https://openalex.org/W2131808378","https://openalex.org/W2136885499","https://openalex.org/W2141947797","https://openalex.org/W2146904764","https://openalex.org/W2151036870","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2288373547","https://openalex.org/W2515498775","https://openalex.org/W2517342784","https://openalex.org/W2527347850","https://openalex.org/W2548610061","https://openalex.org/W2561789819","https://openalex.org/W2613154751","https://openalex.org/W2623490820","https://openalex.org/W2763108835","https://openalex.org/W2765854028","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2780861787","https://openalex.org/W2786492053","https://openalex.org/W2801359147","https://openalex.org/W2802553704","https://openalex.org/W2804199516","https://openalex.org/W2804520636","https://openalex.org/W2806338454","https://openalex.org/W2890554434","https://openalex.org/W2893801697","https://openalex.org/W2896446634","https://openalex.org/W2900680440","https://openalex.org/W2903026178","https://openalex.org/W2908020915","https://openalex.org/W2908157011","https://openalex.org/W2910269324","https://openalex.org/W2915971115","https://openalex.org/W2921476973","https://openalex.org/W2949912095","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962978395","https://openalex.org/W2963668407","https://openalex.org/W2965927626","https://openalex.org/W2974599198","https://openalex.org/W2981683113","https://openalex.org/W2986045777","https://openalex.org/W2988271178","https://openalex.org/W2995969896","https://openalex.org/W3007268491","https://openalex.org/W3009682973","https://openalex.org/W3021297918","https://openalex.org/W3027542479","https://openalex.org/W3048851899","https://openalex.org/W3081302610","https://openalex.org/W3090630740","https://openalex.org/W3091856931","https://openalex.org/W3110908156","https://openalex.org/W3155436310","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3170065757","https://openalex.org/W3197245294","https://openalex.org/W3198938598","https://openalex.org/W4280535308","https://openalex.org/W4280614247","https://openalex.org/W4286284488","https://openalex.org/W4288722736","https://openalex.org/W4296455961","https://openalex.org/W4394687796","https://openalex.org/W6757873377","https://openalex.org/W6910644088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534009623","https://openalex.org/W4285793722","https://openalex.org/W1946253038","https://openalex.org/W2080487419","https://openalex.org/W3004676612","https://openalex.org/W2349716443","https://openalex.org/W2490341866","https://openalex.org/W4401156830","https://openalex.org/W2941274100","https://openalex.org/W1996241605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"building":[1],"has":[2],"long":[3],"been":[4,60],"under-mapped":[5],"globally,":[6],"arguably":[7],"more":[8],"than":[9],"any":[10],"other":[11],"human":[12,180],"activity":[13],"threatening":[14],"environmental":[15,25],"integrity.":[16],"Millions":[17],"of":[18,20,72,82,95,121,137,144,156,163,166],"kilometers":[19],"unmapped":[21],"roads":[22,36,130],"have":[23,40,59,63],"challenged":[24],"governance":[26],"and":[27,44,92,108,139,154,171],"conservation":[28],"in":[29,52],"remote":[30,73,90],"frontiers.":[31],"Prior":[32],"attempts":[33],"to":[34,46,85],"map":[35],"at":[37],"large":[38],"scales":[39],"proven":[41],"inefficient,":[42],"incomplete,":[43],"unamenable":[45],"continuous":[47],"road":[48,54,87,115,169],"monitoring.":[49],"Recent":[50],"developments":[51],"automated":[53,83,168],"detection":[55],"using":[56],"artificial":[57],"intelligence":[58],"promising":[61],"but":[62],"neglected":[64],"the":[65,80,151,161],"relatively":[66],"irregular,":[67],"sparse,":[68],"rustic":[69],"roadways":[70],"characteristic":[71],"semi-natural":[74],"areas.":[75],"In":[76],"response,":[77],"we":[78],"tested":[79],"accuracy":[81],"approaches":[84],"large-scale":[86],"mapping":[88,170],"across":[89,173],"rural":[91],"semi-forested":[93],"areas":[94,177],"equatorial":[96],"Asia-Pacific.":[97],"Three":[98],"machine":[99],"learning":[100],"models":[101,128],"based":[102],"on":[103,114],"convolutional":[104],"neural":[105],"networks":[106],"(UNet":[107],"two":[109],"ResNet":[110],"variants)":[111],"were":[112],"trained":[113],"data":[116],"derived":[117],"from":[118],"visual":[119],"interpretations":[120],"freely":[122],"available":[123],"high-resolution":[124],"satellite":[125],"imagery.":[126],"The":[127],"mapped":[129],"with":[131,134],"appreciable":[132],"accuracies,":[133],"F1":[135],"scores":[136,143],"72\u201381%":[138],"intersection":[140],"over":[141],"union":[142],"43\u201358%.":[145],"These":[146],"results,":[147],"as":[148,150],"well":[149],"purposeful":[152],"simplicity":[153],"availability":[155],"our":[157],"input":[158],"data,":[159],"support":[160],"possibility":[162],"concerted":[164],"program":[165],"exhaustive,":[167],"monitoring":[172],"large,":[174],"remote,":[175],"tropical":[176],"threatened":[178],"by":[179],"encroachment.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
