{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392004585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050754","title":"Scattering Field Intensity and Orbital Angular Momentum Spectral Distribution of Vortex Electromagnetic Beams Scattered by Electrically Large Targets Comprising Different Materials","display_name":"Scattering Field Intensity and Orbital Angular Momentum Spectral Distribution of Vortex Electromagnetic Beams Scattered by Electrically Large Targets Comprising Different Materials","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392004585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16050754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/754/pdf?version=1708521337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/754/pdf?version=1708521337","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062173691","display_name":"Minghao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8444-8114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8444-8114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023666379","display_name":"Songhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Songhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009314993","display_name":"Lixin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-206X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023666379"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.3015,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87569625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"754","last_page":"754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12050","display_name":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.8265633583068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.709507405757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6695387363433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5411770343780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.49963831901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4347692131996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.430388867855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-momentum","display_name":"Angular momentum","score":0.42511945962905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-scatter","display_name":"Forward scatter","score":0.4135439991950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.09914425015449524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.8265633583068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.709507405757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6695387363433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5411770343780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.49963831901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4347692131996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.430388867855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155675718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161254","display_name":"Angular momentum","level":2,"score":0.42511945962905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54644633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473287","display_name":"Forward scatter","level":3,"score":0.4135439991950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09914425015449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16050754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/754/pdf?version=1708521337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fc9512700c754deba6e734f29eb25f77","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fc9512700c754deba6e734f29eb25f77","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 754 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16050754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/5/754/pdf?version=1708521337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1474490597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111 Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1720267746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3048013814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4215950149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4389726993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJSJ23017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4798534593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJSJ23017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G487583244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5094077188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5869524761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6639964429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8526551851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJSJ23017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8710858078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8843675283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392004585.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979258521","https://openalex.org/W1993712456","https://openalex.org/W2013674306","https://openalex.org/W2029064231","https://openalex.org/W2038854086","https://openalex.org/W2073749621","https://openalex.org/W2074703989","https://openalex.org/W2082703599","https://openalex.org/W2094055587","https://openalex.org/W2097034408","https://openalex.org/W2118527690","https://openalex.org/W2130091446","https://openalex.org/W2137305157","https://openalex.org/W2146036998","https://openalex.org/W2161816424","https://openalex.org/W2166600456","https://openalex.org/W2169481269","https://openalex.org/W2306486315","https://openalex.org/W2319113290","https://openalex.org/W2527144410","https://openalex.org/W2548763109","https://openalex.org/W2743403557","https://openalex.org/W2767286773","https://openalex.org/W2778320436","https://openalex.org/W2785896495","https://openalex.org/W2809429486","https://openalex.org/W2890807221","https://openalex.org/W2895756827","https://openalex.org/W2916669276","https://openalex.org/W2951540976","https://openalex.org/W2981567843","https://openalex.org/W2985019856","https://openalex.org/W2997818876","https://openalex.org/W3024593740","https://openalex.org/W3035178990","https://openalex.org/W3098881674","https://openalex.org/W3154402150","https://openalex.org/W3209760609","https://openalex.org/W4226156124","https://openalex.org/W4256268561","https://openalex.org/W4292200295","https://openalex.org/W4295532993","https://openalex.org/W4312777676","https://openalex.org/W4360781190","https://openalex.org/W4361287338","https://openalex.org/W6697895789","https://openalex.org/W6748594883","https://openalex.org/W6793943939","https://openalex.org/W6797279438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993625377","https://openalex.org/W2091189137","https://openalex.org/W3130956599","https://openalex.org/W3105753358","https://openalex.org/W4310827482","https://openalex.org/W164144505","https://openalex.org/W2056599376","https://openalex.org/W1983922298","https://openalex.org/W2003840964","https://openalex.org/W2175401530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,56],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"obtained":[4],"the":[5,15,32,46,59,65,73,83,115,127,131,152,156,162,170,180,189,194,199,203,210,214,218,236],"intensity":[6,118],"and":[7,52,105,107,120,149,164,198],"orbital":[8],"angular":[9,33],"momentum":[10],"(OAM)":[11],"spectral":[12,34,47,122],"distribution":[13,119],"of":[14,18,27,72,133,155,167,176,202,213,241],"scattering":[16,66,74,116,134,153,174,195,204,215],"fields":[17],"vortex":[19,40],"electromagnetic":[20],"beams":[21,94,144,168],"illuminating":[22],"electrically":[23],"large":[24],"targets":[25,108,178],"composed":[26],"different":[28,50,77,96,110,136],"materials.":[29],"We":[30,54],"used":[31,225],"decomposition":[35],"method":[36,57],"to":[37,63,183,230],"decompose":[38],"a":[39],"beam":[41,128,190,242],"into":[42],"plane":[43],"waves":[44],"in":[45,226],"domain":[48],"at":[49],"elevations":[51],"azimuths.":[53],"combined":[55],"with":[58,95,109,143],"physical":[60],"optics":[61],"algorithm":[62],"calculate":[64],"field":[67,75,117,154,196,205,216],"distribution.":[68],"The":[69,88,173,186],"OAM":[70,121,165,200],"spectra":[71,201],"along":[76],"observation":[78],"radii":[79],"were":[80,179],"analyzed":[81],"using":[82],"spiral":[84,211],"spectrum":[85,212],"expansion":[86],"method.":[87],"numerical":[89],"results":[90,132],"indicate":[91],"that":[92,209],"for":[93,238],"parameters":[97,129],"(such":[98,112],"as":[99,113],"polarization,":[100],"topological":[101],"charge,":[102],"half-cone":[103],"angle,":[104],"frequency)":[106],"characteristics":[111,123,175],"composition),":[114],"varied":[124],"considerably.":[125],"When":[126],"change,":[130],"from":[135,169],"materials":[137],"show":[138],"similar":[139],"changing":[140],"trends.":[141],"Compared":[142],"scattered":[145],"by":[146],"uncoated":[147],"metal":[148,177],"dielectric":[150],"targets,":[151],"coating":[157],"target":[158,192,219,244],"can":[159,223],"better":[160],"maintain":[161],"shape":[163],"mode":[166],"incident":[171],"field.":[172],"most":[181],"sensitive":[182],"beam-parameter":[184],"changes.":[185],"relationship":[187],"between":[188],"parameters,":[191,193],"intensity,":[197],"was":[206],"constructed,":[207],"confirming":[208],"carries":[217],"information.":[220],"These":[221],"findings":[222],"be":[224],"remote":[227],"sensing":[228],"engineering":[229],"supplement":[231],"existing":[232],"radar":[233],"imaging,":[234],"laying":[235],"foundation":[237],"further":[239],"identification":[240],"or":[243],"parameters.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}