{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391965578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040721","title":"Enhanced Graph Structure Representation for Unsupervised Heterogeneous Change Detection","display_name":"Enhanced Graph Structure Representation for Unsupervised Heterogeneous Change Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391965578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040721","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/721/pdf?version=1708335181","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/721/pdf?version=1708335181","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055249422","display_name":"Yuqi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China","Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043987310","display_name":"Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-2959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051316947","display_name":"Te Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-3363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Te Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075319601","display_name":"Fangyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-108X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Ningxia University, Zhongwei 755000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Ningxia University, Zhongwei 755000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078058840","display_name":"Bin Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-1538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China","Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071462485","display_name":"Huihui Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1535-9940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China","Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051316947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5172,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89830783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"721","last_page":"721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5868037939071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.5676733255386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.49460360407829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4530796408653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3652963638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1586279571056366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5868037939071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.5676733255386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49460360407829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4530796408653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3652963638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1586279571056366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040721","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/721/pdf?version=1708335181","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:695fd701b7f44b4ebe039f87a34fe38b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/695fd701b7f44b4ebe039f87a34fe38b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 721 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040721","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/721/pdf?version=1708335181","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.75,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4311011201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4541793772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391965578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391965578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508404128","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W1997534118","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2094418182","https://openalex.org/W2114808114","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2135228726","https://openalex.org/W2517579290","https://openalex.org/W2564140372","https://openalex.org/W2571440227","https://openalex.org/W2593542728","https://openalex.org/W2593771152","https://openalex.org/W2750248129","https://openalex.org/W2750976776","https://openalex.org/W2766372927","https://openalex.org/W2779571083","https://openalex.org/W2791917037","https://openalex.org/W2796431263","https://openalex.org/W2808781521","https://openalex.org/W2894544606","https://openalex.org/W2921430410","https://openalex.org/W2968065858","https://openalex.org/W2969081030","https://openalex.org/W3008767742","https://openalex.org/W3017092406","https://openalex.org/W3049615702","https://openalex.org/W3066154933","https://openalex.org/W3080080349","https://openalex.org/W3127542860","https://openalex.org/W3131096279","https://openalex.org/W3161911950","https://openalex.org/W3164855829","https://openalex.org/W3182257909","https://openalex.org/W3183600011","https://openalex.org/W3184550728","https://openalex.org/W3199538063","https://openalex.org/W4200004275","https://openalex.org/W4200139392","https://openalex.org/W4205937042","https://openalex.org/W4283316813","https://openalex.org/W4285818300","https://openalex.org/W4312429564","https://openalex.org/W4312984702","https://openalex.org/W4387789486","https://openalex.org/W6776131239","https://openalex.org/W6790190628","https://openalex.org/W6799364061","https://openalex.org/W6801222320","https://openalex.org/W6853302093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W1515964938","https://openalex.org/W2389381914","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneous":[0],"change":[1,27,200],"detection":[2],"(CD)":[3],"is":[4,203,222],"widely":[5],"applied":[6],"in":[7,62,125,146,160],"various":[8],"fields":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"urban":[12],"planning,":[13],"environmental":[14],"monitoring,":[15],"and":[16,23,137,164,233],"disaster":[17],"management.":[18],"It":[19],"enhances":[20,99],"the":[21,43,58,66,100,104,113,131,139,147,154,161,166,175,185,188,193,196,198,209],"accuracy":[22],"comprehensiveness":[24],"of":[25,45,60,103,116,143,157,187,195,208,219,229,236],"surface":[26],"monitoring":[28],"by":[29,50,111,205],"integrating":[30],"multi-sensor":[31],"remote":[32],"sensing":[33],"data.":[34],"Scholars":[35],"have":[36],"proposed":[37],"many":[38],"graph-based":[39],"methods":[40,55],"to":[41,73,122],"address":[42],"issue":[44],"incomparable":[46],"heterogeneous":[47,87,126,144,230],"images":[48,145],"caused":[49],"imaging":[51],"differences.":[52],"However,":[53],"these":[54],"often":[56],"overlook":[57],"influence":[59],"changes":[61,124],"vertex":[63,159],"status":[64],"on":[65,91,213,226],"graph":[67,93,105,132,141,163,167,176,189,210],"structure,":[68,177],"which":[69],"limits":[70],"their":[71,214],"ability":[72],"represent":[74,174],"image":[75,108,135,149,231,238],"structural":[76,109,140,162],"features.":[77],"To":[78,172],"tackle":[79],"this":[80,82,170,220],"problem,":[81],"paper":[83],"presents":[84],"an":[85,180],"unsupervised":[86],"CD":[88],"method":[89,98,221],"based":[90,212],"enhanced":[92],"structure":[94,106,133,168],"representation":[95,101,186],"(EGSR).":[96],"This":[97],"capacity":[102],"for":[107,183],"features":[110],"measuring":[112],"unchanged":[114,155,215],"probabilities":[115],"vertices,":[117],"thereby":[118],"making":[119],"it":[120],"easier":[121],"detect":[123],"images.":[127],"Firstly,":[128],"we":[129,152,178],"construct":[130],"using":[134,169],"superpixels":[136],"measure":[138],"differences":[142],"same":[148],"domain.":[150],"Then,":[151],"calculate":[153],"probability":[156],"each":[158],"reconstruct":[165],"probability.":[171],"accurately":[173],"adopt":[179],"iterative":[181],"framework":[182],"enhancing":[184],"structure.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"at":[192],"end":[194],"iteration,":[197],"final":[199],"map":[201],"(CM)":[202],"obtained":[204],"binary":[206],"segmentation":[207],"vertices":[211],"probabilities.":[216],"The":[217],"effectiveness":[218],"validated":[223],"through":[224],"experiments":[225],"four":[227],"sets":[228,235],"datasets":[232],"two":[234],"homogeneous":[237],"datasets.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}