{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391682513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040646","title":"Prediction of Water Temperature Based on Graph Neural Network in a Small-Scale Observation via Coastal Acoustic Tomography","display_name":"Prediction of Water Temperature Based on Graph Neural Network in a Small-Scale Observation via Coastal Acoustic Tomography","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391682513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/646/pdf?version=1707463516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/646/pdf?version=1707463516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000651485","display_name":"Pan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3386-0771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042543379","display_name":"Shijie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-5448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-5448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kequan Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kequan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003890301","display_name":"Mingyu Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7617-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083543471","display_name":"Hongna Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-5701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongna Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-5701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101434725","display_name":"Guojun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-3615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078664049","display_name":"Dongbao Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongbao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635451","display_name":"Guangming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-9076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-9076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101788048","display_name":"Yun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-0634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101788048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.4716,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87490588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"646","last_page":"646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5295404195785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4984102249145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4353301525115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.4179900586605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3578208088874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33644115924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2717124819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19064059853553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11269524693489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0797777771949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07602378726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07497471570968628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5295404195785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4984102249145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4353301525115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.4179900586605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3578208088874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33644115924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2717124819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19064059853553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11269524693489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0797777771949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07602378726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07497471570968628}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/646/pdf?version=1707463516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3fca4b475be14b6d8d588b678244a937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3fca4b475be14b6d8d588b678244a937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 646 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/646/pdf?version=1707463516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2688767026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52101391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391682513.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976051399","https://openalex.org/W2029368383","https://openalex.org/W2517212867","https://openalex.org/W3005429381","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3154709734","https://openalex.org/W3166732071","https://openalex.org/W3183616288","https://openalex.org/W4293102891","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4311985776","https://openalex.org/W4312070376","https://openalex.org/W4312857122","https://openalex.org/W4363679495","https://openalex.org/W6738964360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W2095126257","https://openalex.org/W2085738998","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W1974511032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coastal":[0],"acoustic":[1,11,47,63],"tomography":[2],"(CAT)":[3],"is":[4,110],"a":[5,94,111,124],"remote":[6],"sensing":[7],"technique":[8],"that":[9],"utilizes":[10],"methodologies":[12],"to":[13,33,93,129],"measure":[14],"the":[15,19,28,46,54,59,70,98,140,168],"dynamic":[16,74],"characteristics":[17],"of":[18,30,61,73,86,97],"ocean":[20,36,100],"in":[21,65,89,133],"expansive":[22],"marine":[23],"domains.":[24],"This":[25,165],"approach":[26],"leverages":[27],"speed":[29,49,60,154],"sound":[31,153],"propagation":[32,68],"derive":[34],"vital":[35],"parameters":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"temperature":[40,159],"and":[41,80,102,119,156,170],"salinity":[42],"by":[43],"inversely":[44],"estimating":[45],"ray":[48],"during":[50],"its":[51,103],"traversal":[52],"through":[53],"aquatic":[55],"medium.":[56],"Concurrently,":[57],"analyzing":[58],"different":[62],"waves":[64],"their":[66],"round-trip":[67],"enables":[69],"inverse":[71],"estimation":[72],"hydrographic":[75],"features,":[76],"including":[77],"flow":[78],"velocity":[79],"directional":[81],"attributes.":[82],"An":[83],"accurate":[84],"forecasting":[85],"inversion":[87,131],"answers":[88,132],"CAT":[90],"rapidly":[91],"contributes":[92],"comprehensive":[95],"analysis":[96],"evolving":[99],"environment":[101],"inherent":[104],"characteristics.":[105],"Graph":[106],"neural":[107],"network":[108,113],"(GNN)":[109],"new":[112],"architecture":[114],"with":[115],"strong":[116],"spatial":[117],"modeling":[118],"extraordinary":[120],"generalization.":[121],"We":[122],"proposed":[123],"novel":[125],"method:":[126],"employing":[127],"GraphSAGE":[128],"predict":[130],"OAT,":[134],"using":[135],"experimental":[136],"datasets":[137],"collected":[138],"at":[139],"Huangcai":[141],"Reservoir":[142],"for":[143,152,158,173],"prediction.":[144],"The":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"an":[148],"average":[149],"error":[150],"0.01%":[151],"prediction":[155],"0.29%":[157],"predictions":[160],"along":[161],"each":[162],"station":[163],"pairwise.":[164],"adequately":[166],"fulfills":[167],"real-time":[169],"exigent":[171],"requirements":[172],"practical":[174],"deployment.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}