{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391683222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040639","title":"Source Depth Discrimination Using Intensity Striations in the Frequency\u2013Depth Plane in Shallow Water with a Thermocline","display_name":"Source Depth Discrimination Using Intensity Striations in the Frequency\u2013Depth Plane in Shallow Water with a Thermocline","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391683222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040639","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/639/pdf?version=1707464766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/639/pdf?version=1707464766","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763824","display_name":"Xiaobin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9147-4071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102000942","display_name":"Chao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-9183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102000942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78577259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"639","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermocline","display_name":"Thermocline","score":0.8245028257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6515408754348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5859442949295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waves-and-shallow-water","display_name":"Waves and shallow water","score":0.4941454231739044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","score":0.4483014941215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.27107036113739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.177133709192276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11723697185516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07895484566688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.04707321524620056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105824904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849599","display_name":"Thermocline","level":2,"score":0.8245028257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6515408754348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5859442949295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186348155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7975538","display_name":"Waves and shallow water","level":2,"score":0.4941454231739044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4483014941215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.27107036113739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.177133709192276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11723697185516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07895484566688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.04707321524620056}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040639","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/639/pdf?version=1707464766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98497da297da458c83b8d3548262e7f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98497da297da458c83b8d3548262e7f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 639 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040639","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/639/pdf?version=1707464766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391683222.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487276028","https://openalex.org/W2020522953","https://openalex.org/W2031138287","https://openalex.org/W2078605223","https://openalex.org/W2556803793","https://openalex.org/W2806933946","https://openalex.org/W3016504766","https://openalex.org/W3158102650","https://openalex.org/W4210524216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3140049268","https://openalex.org/W3143726215","https://openalex.org/W2990347991","https://openalex.org/W2015283815","https://openalex.org/W4200223837","https://openalex.org/W3141361052","https://openalex.org/W2373233117","https://openalex.org/W2049276457","https://openalex.org/W3142903446","https://openalex.org/W2090251848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"source":[1,61,87,112,132,159],"depth":[2],"discrimination":[3],"method":[4,115,171],"based":[5],"on":[6,177],"intensity":[7],"striations":[8,69],"in":[9,18,58,70,181],"the":[10,32,35,48,52,55,59,66,71,74,78,82,85,108,122,127,131,134,140,143,146,155,163,178],"frequency\u2013depth":[11],"plane":[12],"with":[13,77],"a":[14,19,38,101],"vertical":[15],"linear":[16],"array":[17],"shallow":[20],"water":[21],"environment":[22],"is":[23,44,62,88,94,104,139,151,172,197],"proposed":[24,170],"and":[25,28,73,91,110,133,157,183,192],"studied":[26],"theoretically":[27],"experimentally.":[29],"To":[30],"quantify":[31],"orientation":[33],"of":[34,51,68,84,100,121,142,148],"interference":[36],"patterns,":[37],"generalized":[39],"waveguide":[40],"variant":[41],"(GWV)":[42],"\u03b7":[43],"introduced.":[45],"Due":[46],"to":[47,106,153],"different":[49,194],"dominance":[50],"mode":[53],"groups,":[54],"GWV":[56],"distribution":[57,83],"surface":[60,109,156],"sharply":[63],"peaked,":[64],"indicating":[65],"presence":[67,141],"interferogram":[72,93],"slope":[75],"associated":[76],"source\u2013array":[79,164,195],"range,":[80],"while":[81],"submerged":[86,111,158],"more":[89],"diffuse,":[90],"its":[92],"chaotic.":[95],"The":[96,114,169,186],"existence":[97],"or":[98,126],"lack":[99],"distinct":[102],"peak":[103],"used":[105],"separate":[107,154],"classes.":[113],"does":[116],"not":[117,145],"demand":[118],"prior":[119],"knowledge":[120],"sound":[123],"speed":[124],"profile":[125],"relative":[128],"movement":[129],"between":[130],"array.":[135],"In":[136],"addition,":[137],"it":[138],"striations,":[144],"value":[147],"\u03b7,":[149],"that":[150],"exploited":[152],"classes,":[160],"which":[161],"means":[162],"range":[165],"can":[166],"be":[167],"unknown.":[168],"validated":[173],"using":[174],"experimental":[175],"data":[176],"towing":[179],"ship":[180],"SWellEx\u201396":[182],"numerical":[184],"modeling.":[185],"method\u2019s":[187],"performance":[188],"under":[189],"noise":[190],"situations":[191],"for":[193],"ranges":[196],"also":[198],"investigated.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-30T23:08:21.542490","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
