{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391263488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030485","title":"HAVANA: Hard Negative Sample-Aware Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Airborne Laser Scanning Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"HAVANA: Hard Negative Sample-Aware Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Airborne Laser Scanning Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391263488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/485/pdf?version=1706265544","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/485/pdf?version=1706265544","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103017648","display_name":"Yunsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120238","display_name":"PowerChina (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01varr368","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120238"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction, Changsha 410075, China","PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410027, China","School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100567886","display_name":"Jianguo Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103242473","display_name":"Ruixiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3728-5170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070586569","display_name":"Xuying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-7658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081386790","display_name":"Siyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-4274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102002379","display_name":"Han Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-2271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Star Technology Co., Ltd., State Key Laboratory of Space Earth Integrated Information Technology, Beijing 100086, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Star Technology Co., Ltd., State Key Laboratory of Space Earth Integrated Information Technology, Beijing 100086, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102002379"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53667944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"485","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7310707569122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5666017532348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4979369640350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45130831003189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.44246146082878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4339655339717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4271717369556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.1940115988254547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18540817499160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13742709159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05609315633773804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7310707569122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5666017532348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4979369640350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45130831003189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.44246146082878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4339655339717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4271717369556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.1940115988254547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18540817499160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13742709159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05609315633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/485/pdf?version=1706265544","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17b3979f96d64cdebd563911e40fdcff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17b3979f96d64cdebd563911e40fdcff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 485 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/485/pdf?version=1706265544","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1283009248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5199616961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GK1023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G59372117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YF-A-2020-05-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8767606251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-Special-08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316125","display_name":"China Railway","ror":"https://ror.org/044wv3489"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391263488.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973644502","https://openalex.org/W1975517671","https://openalex.org/W1986522259","https://openalex.org/W2043045881","https://openalex.org/W2072723786","https://openalex.org/W2103820944","https://openalex.org/W2160643963","https://openalex.org/W2555897561","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2790308185","https://openalex.org/W2919824850","https://openalex.org/W2946991328","https://openalex.org/W2950642167","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2963026686","https://openalex.org/W2963125977","https://openalex.org/W2963226018","https://openalex.org/W2985812748","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3008274274","https://openalex.org/W3009401626","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3034459762","https://openalex.org/W3034930876","https://openalex.org/W3036406207","https://openalex.org/W3043099088","https://openalex.org/W3091112259","https://openalex.org/W3116959466","https://openalex.org/W3119708198","https://openalex.org/W3121580487","https://openalex.org/W3128716822","https://openalex.org/W3163821474","https://openalex.org/W3166573884","https://openalex.org/W3173935111","https://openalex.org/W3202541643","https://openalex.org/W3214112567","https://openalex.org/W4214644404","https://openalex.org/W4288623616","https://openalex.org/W4310117814","https://openalex.org/W4313594102","https://openalex.org/W6660917045","https://openalex.org/W6763103765","https://openalex.org/W6769275068","https://openalex.org/W6783272290","https://openalex.org/W6804219125","https://openalex.org/W6847784194","https://openalex.org/W6849090342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088131065","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W2001220299","https://openalex.org/W4323518558","https://openalex.org/W3196715007","https://openalex.org/W2286704396","https://openalex.org/W2366440988","https://openalex.org/W2114282491","https://openalex.org/W2358582870","https://openalex.org/W4293059742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Neural":[1],"Network":[2],"(DNN)-based":[3],"point":[4,17,24,61],"cloud":[5,18],"semantic":[6,113],"segmentation":[7],"has":[8],"presented":[9],"significant":[10],"breakthrough":[11],"using":[12],"large-scale":[13],"labeled":[14],"aerial":[15],"laser":[16],"datasets.":[19],"However,":[20],"annotating":[21],"such":[22],"large-scaled":[23],"clouds":[25,62],"is":[26,31,145],"time-consuming.":[27],"Self-Supervised":[28],"Learning":[29],"(SSL)":[30],"a":[32,40,48,101,117],"promising":[33],"approach":[34],"to":[35,92,108,127],"this":[36],"problem":[37],"by":[38,47,68,170],"pre-training":[39],"DNN":[41],"model":[42,111],"utilizing":[43],"unlabeled":[44],"samples":[45,67,87,124],"followed":[46],"fine-tuned":[49],"downstream":[50],"task":[51],"involving":[52],"very":[53],"limited":[54],"labels.":[55],"The":[56],"traditional":[57],"contrastive":[58,95,105],"learning":[59,81,96,106],"for":[60,112],"selects":[63],"the":[64,72,75,80,89,94,110,129,142,156,163,167,171,179],"hardest":[65],"negative":[66,86],"solely":[69],"relying":[70],"on":[71,134],"distance":[73],"between":[74],"embedded":[76],"features":[77],"derived":[78],"from":[79,88],"process,":[82],"potentially":[83],"evolving":[84],"some":[85],"same":[90],"classes":[91],"reduce":[93],"effectiveness.":[97],"This":[98],"work":[99],"proposes":[100],"hard-negative":[102],"sample-aware":[103],"self-supervised":[104],"algorithm":[107],"pre-train":[109],"segmentation.":[114],"We":[115],"designed":[116],"k-means":[118],"clustering-based":[119],"Absolute":[120],"Positive":[121],"And":[122],"Negative":[123],"(AbsPAN)":[125],"strategy":[126],"filter":[128],"possible":[130],"false-negative":[131],"samples.":[132],"Experiments":[133],"two":[135],"typical":[136],"ALS":[137],"benchmark":[138],"datasets":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"that":[141],"proposed":[143,172],"method":[144,174],"more":[146],"appealing":[147],"than":[148],"supervised":[149,180],"training":[150,165,185],"schemes":[151],"without":[152],"pre-training.":[153],"Especially":[154],"when":[155],"labels":[157],"are":[158],"severely":[159],"inadequate":[160],"(10%":[161],"of":[162,178],"ISPRS":[164],"set),":[166],"results":[168],"obtained":[169],"HAVANA":[173],"still":[175],"exceed":[176],"94%":[177],"paradigm":[181],"performance":[182],"with":[183],"full":[184],"set.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}