{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391167823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030454","title":"Modeling and Estimating the Land Surface Temperature (LST) Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning (Case Study: Yazd, Iran)","display_name":"Modeling and Estimating the Land Surface Temperature (LST) Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning (Case Study: Yazd, Iran)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391167823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030454","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/454/pdf?version=1706107953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/454/pdf?version=1706107953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073042598","display_name":"Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-1146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Research, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Research, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022467219","display_name":"Im\u00e1n Rousta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165368041","display_name":"University of Iceland","ror":"https://ror.org/01db6h964","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800628740","display_name":"Icelandic Meteorological Office","ror":"https://ror.org/02hj34779","country_code":"IS","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800628740"]}],"countries":["IR","IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Rousta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd 8915813135, Iran","Institute for Atmospheric Sciences-Weather and Climate, University of Iceland and Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Bustadavegur 7, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd 8915813135, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Atmospheric Sciences-Weather and Climate, University of Iceland and Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Bustadavegur 7, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800628740","https://openalex.org/I165368041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019138626","display_name":"Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-1517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Ghafarian Malamiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd 8915813135, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd 8915813135, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102800331","display_name":"Mostafa Sadeghnejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-0340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Sadeghnejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, 920 N17th Street, Manhattan, KS 66506-2904, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, 920 N17th Street, Manhattan, KS 66506-2904, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010340375","display_name":"Jaromir Krzyszczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9235-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107764","display_name":"Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01qxm2j98","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107764","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaromir Krzyszczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Do\u015bwiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Do\u015bwiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001816873","display_name":"Carla Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-4103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150309","display_name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03n7krn06","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161097","display_name":"Bolin Centre for Climate Research","ror":"https://ror.org/058zxsr17","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293302089","https://openalex.org/I161593684","https://openalex.org/I4210161097","https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["PT","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden","Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal","Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161097","https://openalex.org/I161593684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453","https://openalex.org/I4210150309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001816873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684","https://openalex.org/I293362453","https://openalex.org/I4210150309","https://openalex.org/I4210161097"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2203,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2375},"fwci":9.5178,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98952371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"454","last_page":"454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.8061004877090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6924984455108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-error","display_name":"Mean absolute error","score":0.5360259413719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47783589363098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.45476773381233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4440363943576813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.4249551296234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.320311963558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21976661682128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19615063071250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1655198633670807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10599905252456665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.8061004877090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6924984455108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.5360259413719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47783589363098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.45476773381233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4440363943576813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.4249551296234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.320311963558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21976661682128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19615063071250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1655198633670807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10599905252456665}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030454","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/454/pdf?version=1706107953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa6bbcde4b2c4e24b8d66bb65195a8fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa6bbcde4b2c4e24b8d66bb65195a8fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 454 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030454","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/454/pdf?version=1706107953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7775453216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEECINST/00077/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391167823.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176838946","https://openalex.org/W1545285228","https://openalex.org/W1574928270","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1963507404","https://openalex.org/W1972343529","https://openalex.org/W1976228594","https://openalex.org/W1986233061","https://openalex.org/W1988676081","https://openalex.org/W1993174891","https://openalex.org/W1995762755","https://openalex.org/W1996043099","https://openalex.org/W1998422116","https://openalex.org/W2002150337","https://openalex.org/W2003920030","https://openalex.org/W2004776481","https://openalex.org/W2014630223","https://openalex.org/W2023540599","https://openalex.org/W2026337749","https://openalex.org/W2026942553","https://openalex.org/W2028529111","https://openalex.org/W2034597127","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2045057151","https://openalex.org/W2048126497","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2056968363","https://openalex.org/W2069281949","https://openalex.org/W2073237857","https://openalex.org/W2091035140","https://openalex.org/W2103541076","https://openalex.org/W2110878578","https://openalex.org/W2121161530","https://openalex.org/W2128340882","https://openalex.org/W2130615363","https://openalex.org/W2135695572","https://openalex.org/W2138912520","https://openalex.org/W2144354331","https://openalex.org/W2168997446","https://openalex.org/W2289096635","https://openalex.org/W2298346024","https://openalex.org/W2381966470","https://openalex.org/W2500228747","https://openalex.org/W2563775141","https://openalex.org/W2570830654","https://openalex.org/W2598304013","https://openalex.org/W2725384496","https://openalex.org/W2727715810","https://openalex.org/W2794058670","https://openalex.org/W2800417984","https://openalex.org/W2801662076","https://openalex.org/W2811511299","https://openalex.org/W2859111260","https://openalex.org/W2903166525","https://openalex.org/W2907775862","https://openalex.org/W2908467477","https://openalex.org/W2910654184","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915787262","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2939684673","https://openalex.org/W2949744317","https://openalex.org/W2983721226","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W3017083089","https://openalex.org/W3037707481","https://openalex.org/W3043112063","https://openalex.org/W3112154615","https://openalex.org/W3113206606","https://openalex.org/W3158813256","https://openalex.org/W3159031554","https://openalex.org/W3196609219","https://openalex.org/W3200020991","https://openalex.org/W4210751575","https://openalex.org/W4210965187","https://openalex.org/W4212821723","https://openalex.org/W4221073686","https://openalex.org/W4226017353","https://openalex.org/W4229063293","https://openalex.org/W4256330813","https://openalex.org/W4285982419","https://openalex.org/W4293062072","https://openalex.org/W4293243124","https://openalex.org/W4297509484","https://openalex.org/W4301861531","https://openalex.org/W4309271385","https://openalex.org/W4313593222","https://openalex.org/W4317433467","https://openalex.org/W4318312820","https://openalex.org/W4323338319","https://openalex.org/W4323543957","https://openalex.org/W4360770902","https://openalex.org/W4365516814","https://openalex.org/W4365811070","https://openalex.org/W4382405007","https://openalex.org/W4384471101","https://openalex.org/W4385506620","https://openalex.org/W4386693585","https://openalex.org/W4386874423","https://openalex.org/W4388799273","https://openalex.org/W4388994800","https://openalex.org/W4389113776","https://openalex.org/W4389128845","https://openalex.org/W4389916495","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6649241047","https://openalex.org/W6651902496","https://openalex.org/W6668913145","https://openalex.org/W6749435057","https://openalex.org/W6779974966","https://openalex.org/W6800883904","https://openalex.org/W6850422582","https://openalex.org/W6869510477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247388746","https://openalex.org/W2314720829","https://openalex.org/W3178576217","https://openalex.org/W4221063543","https://openalex.org/W4285794683","https://openalex.org/W4385195237","https://openalex.org/W4286256617","https://openalex.org/W4362673848","https://openalex.org/W4385577504","https://openalex.org/W4318676890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96,111,144,163,195,206,241],"pressing":[1],"issue":[2],"of":[3,35,45,55,85,113,139,185,193,211],"global":[4,46],"warming":[5,18],"is":[6,26,68,92,98,116,156],"particularly":[7],"evident":[8],"in":[9,28,52,106,160,237],"urban":[10,13,36,238,250],"areas,":[11],"where":[12,58],"thermal":[14,62],"islands":[15],"amplify":[16],"the":[17,33,42,53,114,140,148,157,168,172,179,212,220,249],"effect.":[19],"Understanding":[20],"land":[21],"surface":[22,71,169,224,239],"temperature":[23],"(LST)":[24],"changes":[25],"crucial":[27],"mitigating":[29],"and":[30,39,60,83,87,89,134,136,165,183,187,191,218,229,254,263],"adapting":[31],"to":[32,230,234,246,259,266],"effect":[34,253],"heat":[37,251],"islands,":[38],"ultimately":[40,255],"addressing":[41],"broader":[43],"challenge":[44],"warming.":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49],"estimates":[50],"LST":[51,67,97,176,197,221],"city":[54],"Yazd,":[56],"Iran,":[57],"field":[59],"high-resolution":[61],"image":[63],"data":[64],"are":[65,167,214],"scarce.":[66],"assessed":[69],"through":[70],"parameters":[72,225],"(indices)":[73],"available":[74],"from":[75],"Landsat-8":[76],"satellite":[77],"images":[78],"for":[79,94,177,198,203,209,216],"two":[80],"contrasting":[81],"seasons\u2014winter":[82],"summer":[84,180],"2019":[86],"2020,":[88],"then":[90],"it":[91],"estimated":[93,196],"2021.":[95],"modeled":[99],"using":[100,118,226],"six":[101],"machine":[102,153,227],"learning":[103,154],"algorithms":[104],"implemented":[105],"R":[107],"software":[108],"(version":[109],"4.0.2).":[110],"accuracy":[112,202],"models":[115,208],"measured":[117],"root":[119,128],"mean":[120,124,129,135],"square":[121,130],"error":[122,126,132],"(RMSE),":[123],"absolute":[125],"(MAE),":[127],"logarithmic":[131],"(RMSLE),":[133],"standard":[137],"deviation":[138],"different":[141],"performance":[142],"indicators.":[143],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147],"gradient":[149],"boosting":[150],"model":[151],"(GBM)":[152],"algorithm":[155],"most":[158],"accurate":[159],"estimating":[161,219],"LST.":[162],"albedo":[164],"NDVI":[166],"features":[170],"with":[171],"greatest":[173],"impact":[174],"on":[175,223],"both":[178,204],"(with":[181,189],"80.3%":[182],"11.27%":[184],"importance)":[186],"winter":[188],"72.74%":[190],"17.21%":[192],"importance).":[194],"2021":[199],"showed":[200],"acceptable":[201],"seasons.":[205],"GBM":[207],"each":[210],"seasons":[213],"useful":[215],"modeling":[217],"based":[222],"learning,":[228],"support":[231,256],"decision-making":[232],"related":[233],"spatial":[235],"variations":[236],"temperatures.":[240],"method":[242],"developed":[243],"can":[244],"help":[245],"better":[247],"understand":[248],"island":[252],"mitigation":[257],"strategies":[258],"improve":[260],"human":[261],"well-being":[262],"enhance":[264],"resilience":[265],"climate":[267],"change.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
