{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391136024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030439","title":"Radar Echo Recognition of Gust Front Based on Deep Learning","display_name":"Radar Echo Recognition of Gust Front Based on Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391136024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/439/pdf?version=1706003557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/439/pdf?version=1706003557","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104264654","display_name":"Hanyuan Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133131","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034b53w38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128673","display_name":"Hainan Meteorology Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/0369eb468","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092","https://openalex.org/I4210128673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanyuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China","State Key Lab of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061658711","display_name":"Zhiqun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128673","display_name":"Hainan Meteorology Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/0369eb468","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092","https://openalex.org/I4210128673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133131","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034b53w38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China","State Key Lab of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085692167","display_name":"Fuzeng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101249399","display_name":"Peilong Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peilong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064143624","display_name":"XU Fen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5269-6335"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210041, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210041, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024602119","display_name":"Liang Leng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-6872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMA Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMA Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061658711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128673","https://openalex.org/I4210133131"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78851236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"439","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.66810142993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front","display_name":"Front (military)","score":0.5574444532394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5259388089179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5177299380302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.460074245929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2641512453556061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11570248007774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.08419039845466614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.66810142993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.5574444532394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5259388089179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5177299380302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.460074245929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2641512453556061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11570248007774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.08419039845466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/439/pdf?version=1706003557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fa31c877ce44ec38e6278813bfcf5f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fa31c877ce44ec38e6278813bfcf5f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 439 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16030439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/3/439/pdf?version=1706003557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335861","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391136024.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507795857","https://openalex.org/W1975258105","https://openalex.org/W2029942201","https://openalex.org/W2046900438","https://openalex.org/W2057540610","https://openalex.org/W2174793285","https://openalex.org/W2177437215","https://openalex.org/W2260545464","https://openalex.org/W2563494392","https://openalex.org/W2870499156","https://openalex.org/W3008596027","https://openalex.org/W4387102772","https://openalex.org/W6891591623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1473737476","https://openalex.org/W2061432289","https://openalex.org/W2276571074","https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W2137941439","https://openalex.org/W1984402782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gust":[0],"fronts":[1],"(GFs)":[2],"belong":[3],"to":[4,124,153,176,190,226,290],"the":[5,69,107,119,132,154,157,167,181,219,228,232,239,243,255,261,270,280,285,294,304,310,316],"boundary":[6],"layer":[7],"convergence":[8],"system.":[9],"A":[10,83],"strong":[11],"GF":[12,80,136,149,322],"can":[13,307],"cause":[14],"serious":[15],"wind":[16],"disasters,":[17],"so":[18],"its":[19,209],"automatic":[20,150,311],"monitoring":[21],"and":[22,41,68,93,101,104,114,185,193,197,208,218,250,269,293,328],"identification":[23,240],"are":[24,58,75,109,146,164,224,245,258,265,288,297,318],"very":[25],"helpful":[26],"but":[27],"difficult":[28],"in":[29,38],"daily":[30],"meteorological":[31],"operations.":[32],"By":[33],"collecting":[34],"convective":[35],"weather":[36,52],"processes":[37],"Hubei,":[39],"Jiangsu,":[40],"other":[42],"regions":[43],"of":[44,65,72,97,106,134,242,313],"China,":[45],"1422":[46],"GFs":[47],"from":[48,78,156,174,180,188],"106":[49],"S-band":[50],"new-generation":[51],"radar":[53,81],"(CINRAD/SA)":[54],"volume":[55],"scan":[56],"data":[57,128,168],"labeled":[59],"as":[60,111],"positive":[61,92,263],"samples":[62,74,126],"by":[63,127,231,320],"means":[64],"human\u2013computer":[66],"interaction,":[67],"same":[70],"number":[71],"negative":[73,94],"randomly":[76],"tagged":[77],"no":[79],"data.":[82],"deep":[84],"learning":[85],"dataset":[86,108,121],"including":[87,212],"2844":[88],"labels":[89],"with":[90,166,325],"a":[91,135,170],"sample":[95],"ratio":[96],"1:1":[98],"is":[99,122,137],"constructed,":[100],"80%,":[102],"10%,":[103],"10%":[105],"separated":[110],"training,":[112],"validation,":[113],"test":[115,233],"sets,":[116],"respectively.":[117,203,253],"Then,":[118],"training":[120],"expanded":[123],"273,120":[125],"augmentation":[129],"technology.":[130],"Since":[131],"height":[133],"generally":[138],"less":[139,266],"than":[140,267],"1.5":[141],"km,":[142,192,202],"three":[143,229,305,321],"deep-learning-based":[144],"models":[145,160,230,244,306,317],"trained":[147,165],"for":[148],"recognition":[151],"according":[152],"distance":[155],"radars.":[158,330],"Three":[159],"(M1,":[161],"M2,":[162],"M3)":[163],"at":[169,183,194],"0.5\u00b0":[171,184],"elevation":[172],"angle":[173],"65":[175,191],"180":[177],"km":[178],"away":[179],"radars,":[182],"1.5\u00b0":[186],"angles":[187,199],"40":[189,201],"0.5\u00b0,":[195],"1.5\u00b0,":[196],"2.4\u00b0":[198],"within":[200],"The":[204,235],"precision,":[205],"confusion":[206],"matrix,":[207],"derived":[210],"indicators":[211],"receiver":[213],"operating":[214],"characteristic":[215],"curve":[216],"(ROC)":[217],"area":[220],"under":[221],"ROC":[222,286],"(AUC)":[223],"used":[225],"evaluate":[227],"set.":[234],"results":[236,301],"show":[237],"that":[238,303],"precisions":[241],"97.66%":[246],"(M1),":[247],"90%":[248],"(M2),":[249],"90.43%":[251],"(M3),":[252],"All":[254],"hit":[256],"rates":[257,264],"over":[259],"89%,":[260],"false":[262],"11%,":[268],"critical":[271,282],"success":[272],"indexes":[273],"(CSIs)":[274],"surpass":[275],"82%.":[276],"In":[277],"addition,":[278],"all":[279],"optimal":[281],"points":[283],"on":[284],"curves":[287],"close":[289],"(0,":[291],"1),":[292],"AUC":[295],"values":[296],"above":[298],"0.93.":[299],"These":[300],"suggest":[302],"effectively":[308],"achieve":[309],"discrimination":[312],"GFs.":[314],"Finally,":[315],"demonstrated":[319],"events":[323],"detected":[324],"Qingpu,":[326],"Nantong,":[327],"Cangzhou":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}