{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390913652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020349","title":"Mapping Plant Nitrogen Concentration and Aboveground Biomass of Potato Crops from Sentinel-2 Data Using Ensemble Learning Models","display_name":"Mapping Plant Nitrogen Concentration and Aboveground Biomass of Potato Crops from Sentinel-2 Data Using Ensemble Learning Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390913652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/349/pdf?version=1705384318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/349/pdf?version=1705384318","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046368325","display_name":"Hang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-6551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325763","display_name":"Fei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7386-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108062794","display_name":"Haibo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-9794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101292643","display_name":"Yunfei Di","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038395572","display_name":"Yuncai Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuncai Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Life Science Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Life Science Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017009332","display_name":"Kang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-6783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Life Science Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Life Science Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100325763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.4378,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95333459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"349","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11745","display_name":"Potato Plant Research","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.5986421704292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5362541079521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.534639835357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5246096849441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.447932630777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40801185369491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3011605143547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22289928793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15024447441101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14413860440254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11332392692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1042914092540741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.5986421704292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5362541079521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.534639835357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5246096849441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.447932630777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40801185369491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3011605143547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22289928793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15024447441101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14413860440254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11332392692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1042914092540741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/349/pdf?version=1705384318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e365c2bbcaf4522af6788c7ab53a87b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e365c2bbcaf4522af6788c7ab53a87b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 349 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/349/pdf?version=1705384318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2311163420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3216075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5417690665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-Agriculture-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8415347406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32160757","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390913652.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518917059","https://openalex.org/W1871833115","https://openalex.org/W1966876468","https://openalex.org/W1982378832","https://openalex.org/W1992051154","https://openalex.org/W2001323604","https://openalex.org/W2002610435","https://openalex.org/W2002720706","https://openalex.org/W2011475440","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2034085189","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2038023217","https://openalex.org/W2053987967","https://openalex.org/W2059501000","https://openalex.org/W2062567499","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2079023106","https://openalex.org/W2080441468","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2109404357","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2113121855","https://openalex.org/W2116876595","https://openalex.org/W2128438912","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2163410149","https://openalex.org/W2313339984","https://openalex.org/W2406192270","https://openalex.org/W2592618579","https://openalex.org/W2606176566","https://openalex.org/W2714640284","https://openalex.org/W2805142011","https://openalex.org/W2900347300","https://openalex.org/W2907047183","https://openalex.org/W2908843349","https://openalex.org/W2921983296","https://openalex.org/W2954403870","https://openalex.org/W2963935416","https://openalex.org/W2980312226","https://openalex.org/W2992086439","https://openalex.org/W3000369451","https://openalex.org/W3010955769","https://openalex.org/W3012717404","https://openalex.org/W3016734049","https://openalex.org/W3038890942","https://openalex.org/W3039045927","https://openalex.org/W3098958405","https://openalex.org/W3117450682","https://openalex.org/W3127010833","https://openalex.org/W3140411515","https://openalex.org/W3163720131","https://openalex.org/W3174178599","https://openalex.org/W3182219124","https://openalex.org/W3196967960","https://openalex.org/W3216658932","https://openalex.org/W4205087445","https://openalex.org/W4282552411","https://openalex.org/W4297268543","https://openalex.org/W4309091757","https://openalex.org/W4320523694","https://openalex.org/W4322626658","https://openalex.org/W4383312533","https://openalex.org/W6798078693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W4378510483","https://openalex.org/W2490526372","https://openalex.org/W4376166922","https://openalex.org/W4221142204","https://openalex.org/W1975561281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Excessive":[0],"nitrogen":[1],"(N)":[2],"fertilization":[3],"poses":[4],"environmental":[5],"risks":[6],"at":[7,45],"regional":[8],"and":[9,36,52,88,95,122,136,140,149,179,189,193,223],"global":[10],"levels.":[11],"Satellite":[12],"remote":[13],"sensing":[14],"provides":[15],"a":[16],"novel":[17],"approach":[18],"for":[19],"large-scale":[20],"N":[21,49],"monitoring.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"study,":[25],"we":[26],"evaluated":[27],"the":[28,47,68,83,109,125,132,159,184,204,217],"performance":[29],"of":[30,33,57,207,220],"different":[31],"types":[32],"spectral":[34],"bands":[35,115,127],"indices":[37],"(SIs)":[38],"coupled":[39,210],"with":[40,158,211],"ensemble":[41,213],"learning":[42,214],"models":[43,98,163],"(ELMs)":[44],"retrieving":[46],"plant":[48,53],"concentration":[50],"(PNC)":[51],"aboveground":[54],"biomass":[55],"(AGB)":[56],"potato":[58,120,221],"from":[59,73],"Sentinel-2":[60,63,227],"images.":[61],"Cloud-free":[62],"imagery":[64,228],"was":[65],"acquired":[66],"during":[67],"tuber-formation":[69],"to":[70,75,119,197],"starch-accumulation":[71],"stages":[72],"2020":[74],"2021.":[76],"Fourteen":[77],"optimal":[78],"SIs":[79,110],"were":[80,99,116,128],"selected":[81],"using":[82,102,208],"successive":[84],"projections":[85],"algorithm":[86],"(SPA)":[87],"principal":[89],"component":[90],"analysis":[91],"(PCA).":[92],"The":[93,105,144],"PNC":[94,121,148,188,222],"AGB":[96,150,190,224],"estimation":[97,191,218],"then":[100],"built":[101],"an":[103,212],"ELMs.":[104],"results":[106],"showed":[107],"that":[108,203],"based":[111,225],"on":[112,226],"chlorophyll":[113],"absorption":[114],"strongly":[117],"related":[118],"AGB.":[123],"Also,":[124],"N-correlated":[126],"mainly":[129],"concentrated":[130],"in":[131],"red-edge":[133],"(705":[134],"nm)":[135,142],"short-wave":[137],"infrared":[138],"(1610":[139],"2190":[141],"regions.":[143],"ELMs":[145,185],"successfully":[146],"predicted":[147],"(R2PNC":[151],"=":[152,155],"0.74;":[153],"R2AGB":[154],"0.82).":[156],"Compared":[157],"other":[160],"five":[161],"base":[162],"(k-nearest":[164],"neighbor":[165],"(KNN),":[166],"partial":[167],"least":[168],"squares":[169],"regression":[170,174,182],"(PLSR),":[171],"support":[172],"vector":[173],"(SVR),":[175],"random":[176],"forest":[177],"(RF),":[178],"Gaussian":[180],"process":[181],"(GPR)),":[183],"provided":[186],"higher":[187],"accuracy":[192,219],"effectively":[194],"reduced":[195],"overfitting":[196],"training":[198],"data.":[199,229],"This":[200],"study":[201],"demonstrated":[202],"promising":[205],"solution":[206],"SPA-PCA":[209],"model":[215],"improves":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}