{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390535270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010198","title":"Performance Assessment of a High-Frequency Radar Network for Detecting Surface Currents in the Pearl River Estuary","display_name":"Performance Assessment of a High-Frequency Radar Network for Detecting Surface Currents in the Pearl River Estuary","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390535270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/198/pdf?version=1704279008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/198/pdf?version=1704279008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085230379","display_name":"Langfeng Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langfeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 519082, China","School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715347","display_name":"Tianyi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6828-163X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 519082, China","School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015561135","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-7058"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhuhai Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station of the State Oceanic Administration, Zhuhai 519000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhuhai Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station of the State Oceanic Administration, Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113365273","display_name":"Chunlei Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlei Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhuhai Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station of the State Oceanic Administration, Zhuhai 519000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhuhai Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station of the State Oceanic Administration, Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101869392","display_name":"Jun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-1299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 519082, China","School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101869392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034","https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9337,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70106603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"198","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6532157063484192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5778029561042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estuary","display_name":"Estuary","score":0.5226335525512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5207314491271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.4969330132007599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42639973759651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.18419888615608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15051579475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0919475257396698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6532157063484192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5778029561042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88160329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47053","display_name":"Estuary","level":2,"score":0.5226335525512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5207314491271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.4969330132007599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42639973759651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.18419888615608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15051579475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0919475257396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/198/pdf?version=1704279008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99c6104abb654b039bfa0fd78488f6e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99c6104abb654b039bfa0fd78488f6e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 198 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/198/pdf?version=1704279008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2244359088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41976007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7747524778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B1111020003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336405","funder_display_name":"Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336405","display_name":"Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390535270.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W786668964","https://openalex.org/W1539712852","https://openalex.org/W1970643662","https://openalex.org/W1972568547","https://openalex.org/W1979202929","https://openalex.org/W1981929146","https://openalex.org/W1983791336","https://openalex.org/W1985663558","https://openalex.org/W1986530935","https://openalex.org/W1987998205","https://openalex.org/W1992084601","https://openalex.org/W2003246888","https://openalex.org/W2004818859","https://openalex.org/W2006148632","https://openalex.org/W2013841286","https://openalex.org/W2014883701","https://openalex.org/W2018017980","https://openalex.org/W2029281942","https://openalex.org/W2047970148","https://openalex.org/W2049803378","https://openalex.org/W2066514088","https://openalex.org/W2073933680","https://openalex.org/W2079993682","https://openalex.org/W2082402945","https://openalex.org/W2086574676","https://openalex.org/W2104311815","https://openalex.org/W2107608682","https://openalex.org/W2127245025","https://openalex.org/W2144895537","https://openalex.org/W2145039860","https://openalex.org/W2159866422","https://openalex.org/W2161248255","https://openalex.org/W2165914149","https://openalex.org/W2173799659","https://openalex.org/W2179461994","https://openalex.org/W2180258618","https://openalex.org/W2312342445","https://openalex.org/W2322913187","https://openalex.org/W2380235387","https://openalex.org/W2462327512","https://openalex.org/W2771373141","https://openalex.org/W3021658610","https://openalex.org/W4283641650","https://openalex.org/W4313404371","https://openalex.org/W4380875993","https://openalex.org/W6622712727","https://openalex.org/W6685162650","https://openalex.org/W6746297467","https://openalex.org/W6776888088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308514784","https://openalex.org/W4387879748","https://openalex.org/W2736025467","https://openalex.org/W1993477065","https://openalex.org/W2348200030","https://openalex.org/W2061220994","https://openalex.org/W4384567856","https://openalex.org/W2484375660","https://openalex.org/W586398602","https://openalex.org/W1982013615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,108,135,160],"performance":[1],"of":[2,37,47,69,75,125,137,145,150,184],"a":[3,24,44,51,142],"high-frequency":[4],"(HF)":[5],"radar":[6,34,114,152],"network":[7,35],"situated":[8],"within":[9],"the":[10,55,65,97,112,123,129,133,148,164,172,177,182,185],"Pearl":[11],"River":[12],"Estuary":[13],"from":[14],"17":[15],"July":[16],"to":[17,153],"13":[18],"August":[19],"2022":[20],"is":[21],"described":[22],"via":[23],"comparison":[25],"with":[26,43,64,105,181],"seven":[27],"acoustic":[28],"Doppler":[29],"current":[30,187],"profilers":[31],"(ADCPs).":[32],"consists":[36],"six":[38],"OSMAR-S100":[39],"compact":[40],"HF":[41,113,151,173],"radars,":[42,96],"transmitting":[45],"frequency":[46],"13\u201316":[48],"MHz":[49],"and":[50,58,89,115,147,156,163,179],"direction-finding":[52],"technique.":[53],"Both":[54],"radial":[56],"currents":[57],"vector":[59],"velocities":[60],"showed":[61],"good":[62],"agreement":[63],"ADCP":[66],"results":[67,136,169],"(coefficient":[68],"determination":[70],"r2:":[71],"0.42\u20130.78;":[72],"RMS":[73],"difference":[74],"radials:":[76],"11\u201321.6":[77],"cm":[78],"s\u22121;":[79],"bearing":[80],"offset":[81],"\u0394\u03b8:":[82],"\u22124.8\u00b0\u201316.1\u00b0;":[83],"complex":[84],"correlation":[85],"coefficient":[86],"\u03b3:":[87],"0.62\u20130.96;":[88],"phase":[90],"angle":[91],"\u03b1:":[92],"\u221224.3\u00b0\u201317.8\u00b0).":[93],"For":[94],"these":[95],"\u0394\u03b8":[98],"values":[99],"are":[100],"not":[101],"constant":[102],"but":[103],"vary":[104],"azimuthal":[106],"angles.":[107],"relative":[109],"positions":[110],"between":[111],"ADCPs,":[116],"as":[117,119,122],"well":[118],"factors":[120],"such":[121],"presence":[124],"island":[126],"terrain":[127],"obstructing":[128],"signal,":[130],"significantly":[131],"influence":[132],"errors.":[134],"spectral":[138],"analysis":[139],"also":[140,175],"demonstrate":[141],"high":[143],"level":[144],"consistency":[146],"capability":[149],"capture":[154],"diurnal":[155],"semidiurnal":[157],"tidal":[158,161],"frequencies.":[159],"characteristics":[162,183],"Empirical":[165],"Orthogonal":[166],"Function":[167],"(EOF)":[168],"measured":[170],"by":[171],"radars":[174],"resemble":[176],"ADCPs":[178],"align":[180],"estuarine":[186],"field.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}