{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390498957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010189","title":"GNSS Carrier-Phase Multipath Modeling and Correction: A Review and Prospect of Data Processing Methods","display_name":"GNSS Carrier-Phase Multipath Modeling and Correction: A Review and Prospect of Data Processing Methods","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390498957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010189","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/189/pdf?version=1704199348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/189/pdf?version=1704199348","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054668754","display_name":"Qiuzhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-3991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiuzhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024086787","display_name":"Longqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0406-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090336939","display_name":"Ao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-0149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101508917","display_name":"Xiaolin Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-8054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816","https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090158426","display_name":"Dongsheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007249101","display_name":"Craig Hancock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Hancock","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054668754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":36.2954,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99666193,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"189","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.8624207973480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8191143274307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7916598916053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-mitigation","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","score":0.6899767518043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.4864042103290558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3854010999202728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2977237403392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23112273216247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.0851624608039856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.8624207973480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8191143274307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7916598916053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776015439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25313558","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","level":4,"score":0.6899767518043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.4864042103290558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3854010999202728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2977237403392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23112273216247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0851624608039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010189","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/189/pdf?version=1704199348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d4955ce84b34c2e93571de9936594cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d4955ce84b34c2e93571de9936594cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 189 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/25067849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/GNSS_carrier-phase_multipath_modeling_and_correction_a_review_and_prospect_of_data_processing_methods/25067849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010189","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/189/pdf?version=1704199348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1785420969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2397471300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42074226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G390443003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42304046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3910829908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4961772386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A20569","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6169935969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20221146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390498957.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50046636","https://openalex.org/W52595059","https://openalex.org/W1412785251","https://openalex.org/W1970268500","https://openalex.org/W1973974815","https://openalex.org/W1996949674","https://openalex.org/W2004547646","https://openalex.org/W2007724972","https://openalex.org/W2008576960","https://openalex.org/W2018224168","https://openalex.org/W2018943345","https://openalex.org/W2023409854","https://openalex.org/W2029417854","https://openalex.org/W2029442952","https://openalex.org/W2033328394","https://openalex.org/W2034317720","https://openalex.org/W2041115551","https://openalex.org/W2049926473","https://openalex.org/W2063723376","https://openalex.org/W2075901094","https://openalex.org/W2083400934","https://openalex.org/W2089507389","https://openalex.org/W2096117387","https://openalex.org/W2098170202","https://openalex.org/W2106109088","https://openalex.org/W2117850564","https://openalex.org/W2127196259","https://openalex.org/W2143729023","https://openalex.org/W2145643726","https://openalex.org/W2188692557","https://openalex.org/W2247809141","https://openalex.org/W2330654319","https://openalex.org/W2342186580","https://openalex.org/W2352855433","https://openalex.org/W2357620628","https://openalex.org/W2361452198","https://openalex.org/W2363683284","https://openalex.org/W2373022933","https://openalex.org/W2380577185","https://openalex.org/W2390031181","https://openalex.org/W2392720504","https://openalex.org/W2521297538","https://openalex.org/W2531446849","https://openalex.org/W2533084625","https://openalex.org/W2574260384","https://openalex.org/W2607445491","https://openalex.org/W2617627823","https://openalex.org/W2782581158","https://openalex.org/W2789448523","https://openalex.org/W2809453453","https://openalex.org/W2883884925","https://openalex.org/W2898726493","https://openalex.org/W2904816169","https://openalex.org/W2966827400","https://openalex.org/W2976621474","https://openalex.org/W3003263134","https://openalex.org/W3005232527","https://openalex.org/W3036890272","https://openalex.org/W3095752364","https://openalex.org/W3118447060","https://openalex.org/W3161029973","https://openalex.org/W3169804763","https://openalex.org/W4206913733","https://openalex.org/W4206933643","https://openalex.org/W4214631030","https://openalex.org/W4283512360","https://openalex.org/W4285087989","https://openalex.org/W4286491790","https://openalex.org/W4308632526","https://openalex.org/W4315767734","https://openalex.org/W4316653324","https://openalex.org/W4323318556","https://openalex.org/W4324140704","https://openalex.org/W4327694205","https://openalex.org/W4364360255","https://openalex.org/W4403622367","https://openalex.org/W6602008872","https://openalex.org/W6624212651","https://openalex.org/W6691346086","https://openalex.org/W6706805412","https://openalex.org/W6735544318","https://openalex.org/W6989324860","https://openalex.org/W7005652350","https://openalex.org/W7009427970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977152704","https://openalex.org/W2756172590","https://openalex.org/W4220924845","https://openalex.org/W2605758412","https://openalex.org/W3106489079","https://openalex.org/W3117915744","https://openalex.org/W2051628247","https://openalex.org/W768388283","https://openalex.org/W2052432379","https://openalex.org/W3130617165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"multipath":[1,48,98,111,132,145,166,188,202],"error":[2,32,146,189,203],"is":[3,36],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,43,73,90,110,140,161,187,201],"the":[6,40,44,88,105,116,156,178,181,199],"main":[7,51],"sources":[8],"GNSS":[10,30,96],"positioning":[11,31],"errors.":[12,99,112,133],"It":[13,191],"cannot":[14],"be":[15],"eliminated":[16],"by":[17,103,193],"forming":[18],"double-difference":[19],"and":[20,23,60,81,107,127,158,165,173,184],"other":[21],"methods,":[22],"it":[24,35,114,154],"has":[25],"become":[26],"an":[27,138],"issue":[28],"in":[29,198],"processing,":[33],"because":[34],"mainly":[37],"related":[38],"to":[39,76,121,130],"surrounding":[41],"environment":[42],"station.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"errors,":[49],"three":[50],"mitigation":[52,93,108],"strategies":[53,109],"are":[54],"employed:":[55],"site":[56],"selection,":[57],"hardware":[58],"enhancements,":[59],"data":[61,65,91,122],"processing.":[62,190],"Among":[63],"these,":[64],"processing":[66,92,123],"methods":[67,94,124],"have":[68],"been":[69],"a":[70],"focal":[71],"point":[72],"research":[74,118,185,196],"due":[75],"their":[77],"cost-effectiveness,":[78],"impressive":[79],"performance,":[80],"widespread":[82],"applicability.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85,101,135,179],"focuses":[86],"on":[87],"review":[89],"for":[95,143],"carrier-phase":[97],"The":[100,134],"begins":[102],"elucidating":[104],"origins":[106],"Subsequently,":[113],"reviews":[115],"current":[117],"status":[119],"pertaining":[120],"using":[125],"stochastic":[126],"functional":[128],"models":[129,147],"counter":[131],"also":[136],"provides":[137],"overview":[139],"filtering":[141,163],"techniques":[142],"extracting":[144],"from":[148,170],"coordinate":[149,172],"sequences":[150],"or":[151],"observations.":[152],"Additionally,":[153],"introduces":[155],"evolution":[157],"algorithmic":[159],"workflow":[160],"sidereal":[162],"(SF)":[164],"hemispherical":[167],"mapping":[168],"(MHM),":[169],"both":[171],"observation":[174],"domain":[175],"perspectives.":[176],"Furthermore,":[177],"emphasizes":[180],"practical":[182],"significance":[183],"relevance":[186],"concludes":[192],"delineating":[194],"future":[195],"directions":[197],"realm":[200],"mitigation.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
