{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389996143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010019","title":"Spatiotemporal Evolution and Rank\u2013Size Pattern of Chinese Urban Settlements","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Evolution and Rank\u2013Size Pattern of Chinese Urban Settlements","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389996143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/19/pdf?version=1703067082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/19/pdf?version=1703067082","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345341","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-2573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388482","display_name":"Chunlin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-7174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126078","display_name":"Institute of Wetland Research","ror":"https://ror.org/032e3d072","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126078","https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunlin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","E\u2019erguna Wetland Ecosystem National Research Station, Hulunbuir 022250, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E\u2019erguna Wetland Ecosystem National Research Station, Hulunbuir 022250, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034812806","display_name":"Baolei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-6728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baolei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117137697","display_name":"Yuanman Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126078","display_name":"Institute of Wetland Research","ror":"https://ror.org/032e3d072","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126078","https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanman Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","E\u2019erguna Wetland Ecosystem National Research Station, Hulunbuir 022250, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E\u2019erguna Wetland Ecosystem National Research Station, Hulunbuir 022250, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048075135","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-652X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piesat Information Technology Company Limited, Beijing 100195, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Company Limited, Beijing 100195, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431453","display_name":"Zhenxing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-7490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83714178","display_name":"Shenyang Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zr73v18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83714178"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban planning, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban planning, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83714178"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101505916","display_name":"Qian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-1833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100388482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I4210126078"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74370646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.7354947328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6765800714492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zipfs-law","display_name":"Zipf's law","score":0.596626877784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-settlement","display_name":"Human settlement","score":0.5725077986717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5517978072166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.5420253276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-climate","display_name":"Urban climate","score":0.5241948962211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.5190364122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4507822096347809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4292936325073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-density","display_name":"Urban density","score":0.4171587824821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.20114946365356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10389310121536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.08737531304359436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.7354947328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6765800714492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125932096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205472","display_name":"Zipf's law","level":2,"score":0.596626877784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.5725077986717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5517978072166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.5420253276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158049464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075337","display_name":"Urban climate","level":3,"score":0.5241948962211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5190364122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4507822096347809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4292936325073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4238864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2069949","display_name":"Urban density","level":3,"score":0.4171587824821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20114946365356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10389310121536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.08737531304359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/19/pdf?version=1703067082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:322769af9ff94ff299d74c8387a97fbf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/322769af9ff94ff299d74c8387a97fbf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 19 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/19/pdf?version=1703067082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1012220183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4173064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1983524409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3198540255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335892","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3587810020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41730647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8984687853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335892","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389996143.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1781101400","https://openalex.org/W1886448857","https://openalex.org/W1964422003","https://openalex.org/W1966607734","https://openalex.org/W1969450091","https://openalex.org/W1984393917","https://openalex.org/W1985083166","https://openalex.org/W2018810248","https://openalex.org/W2042845414","https://openalex.org/W2047493034","https://openalex.org/W2061699609","https://openalex.org/W2086204545","https://openalex.org/W2123222193","https://openalex.org/W2136289094","https://openalex.org/W2141409967","https://openalex.org/W2166342968","https://openalex.org/W2335540595","https://openalex.org/W2379232233","https://openalex.org/W2475791718","https://openalex.org/W2519541699","https://openalex.org/W2535363652","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2572257651","https://openalex.org/W2589048873","https://openalex.org/W2593521079","https://openalex.org/W2620494805","https://openalex.org/W2763902446","https://openalex.org/W2765922642","https://openalex.org/W2795968065","https://openalex.org/W2807200675","https://openalex.org/W2831656132","https://openalex.org/W2904271136","https://openalex.org/W2918494856","https://openalex.org/W2952946204","https://openalex.org/W2964936692","https://openalex.org/W2965372358","https://openalex.org/W2986532304","https://openalex.org/W2990323597","https://openalex.org/W2997983631","https://openalex.org/W3005559502","https://openalex.org/W3022476827","https://openalex.org/W3026589631","https://openalex.org/W3034880358","https://openalex.org/W3043480203","https://openalex.org/W3087696632","https://openalex.org/W3097301465","https://openalex.org/W3112235666","https://openalex.org/W3125383182","https://openalex.org/W3189271024","https://openalex.org/W3197471594","https://openalex.org/W3197607148","https://openalex.org/W4220981656","https://openalex.org/W4224230938","https://openalex.org/W4226441847","https://openalex.org/W4283372443","https://openalex.org/W4293418374","https://openalex.org/W4294168023","https://openalex.org/W4303473649","https://openalex.org/W4303832682","https://openalex.org/W4312047612","https://openalex.org/W4320527580","https://openalex.org/W4322625587","https://openalex.org/W4323043799","https://openalex.org/W4385759055","https://openalex.org/W4387620288","https://openalex.org/W6641211397","https://openalex.org/W6642442404","https://openalex.org/W6643398973","https://openalex.org/W6720742406","https://openalex.org/W6731540219","https://openalex.org/W6785334431","https://openalex.org/W6800315387","https://openalex.org/W6845616381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517192987","https://openalex.org/W2377943493","https://openalex.org/W2908540120","https://openalex.org/W2023971965","https://openalex.org/W3216647485","https://openalex.org/W610888238","https://openalex.org/W4221115110","https://openalex.org/W2082879873","https://openalex.org/W2388358789","https://openalex.org/W2625176280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,14,24,30,72,85,111,178,202,208,214,228,239,250],"timely":[2],"urban":[3,12,44,48,61,89,125,155,172,183,189,199,205,242,245,254,261],"boundaries":[4,63,200],"can":[5,197,247],"effectively":[6],"quantify":[7],"the":[8,19,28,53,68,83,86,115,133,152,158,161,179,220],"spatial":[9,73],"characteristics":[10],"of":[11,21,37,75,88,124,154,181,222],"evolution":[13,243],"are":[15],"essential":[16],"for":[17,47,260],"understanding":[18],"impacts":[20,221],"urbanization":[22,223],"processes":[23],"land-use":[25],"changes":[26,159],"on":[27,67,211,224],"environment":[29],"biodiversity.":[31],"Currently,":[32],"there":[33],"is":[34],"a":[35],"lack":[36],"long":[38],"time-series,":[39],"high-resolution,":[40],"nationally":[41],"consistent":[42],"Chinese":[43],"boundary":[45],"data":[46,234],"research.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,195],"study,":[52],"city":[54],"clustering":[55],"algorithm":[56],"was":[57,130,148,185],"used":[58,149],"to":[59,99,150,166,175],"generate":[60],"settlement":[62,156],"in":[64,91,128,137,142,160,194,253],"China":[65,92,103,113,129],"based":[66],"local":[69],"density,":[70],"size,":[71],"relationships":[74],"impervious":[76],"surfaces.":[77],"The":[78,120,188],"results":[79],"showed":[80],"that":[81,170],"both":[82],"area":[84,122,135],"number":[87],"settlements":[90,184],"revealed":[93,169],"an":[94],"upward":[95],"trend":[96],"from":[97,164],"1985":[98,165],"2020,":[100],"with":[101,132,241],"East":[102],"(EC)":[104],"being":[105,139],"much":[106],"higher":[107,140],"than":[108,141],"other":[109,143],"regions":[110],"South":[112],"showing":[114],"most":[116],"significant":[117],"growth":[118],"rate.":[119],"average":[121,134],"ratio":[123,136],"green":[126],"space":[127],"41.68%,":[131],"EC":[138],"regions.":[144],"Meanwhile,":[145],"Zipf\u2019s":[146],"law":[147],"verify":[151],"universality":[153],"rank\u2013size;":[157],"Zipf":[162],"index":[163],"2020":[167],"also":[168],"China\u2019s":[171],"size":[173],"tended":[174],"be":[176],"concentrated,":[177],"development":[180],"large":[182],"relatively":[186],"prominent.":[187],"definition":[190],"method":[191],"we":[192],"propose":[193],"study":[196],"divide":[198],"efficiently":[201],"accurately,":[203],"identify":[204],"expansion":[206],"hotspots,":[207],"promote":[209],"research":[210],"farmland":[212],"loss":[213],"ecological":[215],"land":[216],"degradation,":[217],"further":[218],"exploring":[219],"food":[225],"security,":[226],"biodiversity,":[227],"carbon":[229],"sequestration.":[230],"By":[231],"coupling":[232],"big":[233],"such":[235],"as":[236],"economy,":[237],"energy,":[238],"population":[240],"patterns,":[244],"managers":[246],"analyze":[248],"current":[249],"future":[251],"problems":[252],"development,":[255],"thereby":[256],"providing":[257],"scientific":[258],"decision-making":[259],"sustainability.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}