{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390006614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010013","title":"An Improved Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm for Fast Target Tracking in Satellite and V2X Communication","display_name":"An Improved Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm for Fast Target Tracking in Satellite and V2X Communication","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390006614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/13/pdf?version=1703010819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/13/pdf?version=1703010819","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032099493","display_name":"Aral Ertug Zorkun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aral Ertug Zorkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Procesamiento de Informaci\u00f3n y Telecomunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Procesamiento de Informaci\u00f3n y Telecomunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083558316","display_name":"Miguel A. Salas\u2010Natera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4666-1659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel A. Salas-Natera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Procesamiento de Informaci\u00f3n y Telecomunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Procesamiento de Informaci\u00f3n y Telecomunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026885563","display_name":"Ram\u00f3n Mart\u00ednez Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Osorio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram\u00f3n Mart\u00ednez Rodr\u00edguez-Osorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Procesamiento de Informaci\u00f3n y Telecomunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Procesamiento de Informaci\u00f3n y Telecomunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032099493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0072,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77285679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7732387781143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7065650224685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6555356383323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.6116173267364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursive-least-squares-filter","display_name":"Recursive least squares filter","score":0.5106256604194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.489241361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-beamformer","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","score":0.47309544682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4442348778247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.3622231185436249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3129838705062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14523985981941223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7732387781143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7065650224685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6555356383323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.6116173267364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145249878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835868","display_name":"Recursive least squares filter","level":3,"score":0.5106256604194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.489241361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.47309544682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4442348778247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.3622231185436249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3129838705062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14523985981941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/13/pdf?version=1703010819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:13d6741ad15340339831a4b3ddd5bfac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/13d6741ad15340339831a4b3ddd5bfac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 13 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/13/pdf?version=1703010819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390006614.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978628248","https://openalex.org/W2011818726","https://openalex.org/W2012632748","https://openalex.org/W2081166352","https://openalex.org/W2126956621","https://openalex.org/W2141573408","https://openalex.org/W2158769234","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2535591134","https://openalex.org/W2588288837","https://openalex.org/W2743728552","https://openalex.org/W2781671641","https://openalex.org/W2885069969","https://openalex.org/W3014678003","https://openalex.org/W3019406033","https://openalex.org/W3116253684","https://openalex.org/W3122887400","https://openalex.org/W3184634080","https://openalex.org/W3207257632","https://openalex.org/W4213031934","https://openalex.org/W4214666816","https://openalex.org/W4225975911","https://openalex.org/W4379650420","https://openalex.org/W4382981445","https://openalex.org/W6802635042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2996333928","https://openalex.org/W2009075871","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2518591292","https://openalex.org/W2105408150","https://openalex.org/W1976800395","https://openalex.org/W2548445082","https://openalex.org/W2606661315","https://openalex.org/W636053046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"remote":[1,56],"sensing":[2,57],"systems":[3,40],"establish":[4],"communication":[5,13],"links":[6],"between":[7],"nodes.":[8],"Ensuring":[9],"coverage":[10],"and":[11,26,48,73,128,179,197],"seamless":[12],"in":[14,84,93,173],"highly":[15],"dense":[16],"environments":[17],"is":[18,133,138,153,167],"not":[19],"a":[20,51,129,198],"trivial":[21],"task":[22],"as":[23,30,32],"localization,":[24],"separation,":[25],"tracking":[27,79,113],"of":[28,81,87,175],"targets,":[29],"well":[31],"interference":[33],"suppression,":[34],"are":[35,49],"challenging.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"smart":[38],"antenna":[39],"fulfill":[41],"these":[42],"requirements":[43],"by":[44],"employing":[45],"beamforming":[46,61,106,121],"algorithms":[47,107,172],"considered":[50],"key":[52],"technology":[53],"for":[54,100],"autonomous":[55],"applications.":[58],"Among":[59],"many":[60],"algorithms,":[62],"the":[63,78,85,141,156,161,184,186,205],"recursive":[64],"least":[65,191],"square":[66],"(RLS)":[67],"algorithm":[68,122,158,166,188],"has":[69,189],"proven":[70],"superior":[71],"convergence":[72,74,177,195,199],"rate":[75,200],"performances.":[76],"However,":[77],"performance":[80],"RLS":[82,94,120],"degrades":[83],"case":[86],"dynamic":[88],"targets.":[89],"The":[90,135,150,164],"forgetting":[91,126,136],"factor":[92,127,132,137],"needs":[95],"to":[96,111,155,159],"be":[97,109],"updated":[98,139],"constantly":[99],"fast":[101],"target":[102],"tracking.":[103],"Additionally,":[104],"multiple":[105],"can":[108],"combined":[110],"increase":[112],"performance.":[114],"An":[115],"improved":[116],"hybrid":[117],"constant":[118],"modulus":[119],"with":[123,169],"an":[124],"adaptive":[125,145],"variable":[130],"regularization":[131],"proposed.":[134],"using":[140],"low-complexity":[142],"yet":[143],"robust":[144],"moment":[146],"estimation":[147],"method":[148],"(ADAM).":[149],"sliding-window":[151],"technique":[152],"applied":[154],"proposed":[157,165,187],"mitigate":[160],"steady-state":[162],"noise.":[163],"compared":[168,206],"existing":[170],"RLS-based":[171,207],"terms":[174],"convergence,":[176],"rate,":[178],"computational":[180],"complexity.":[181],"Based":[182],"on":[183],"results,":[185],"at":[190],"10":[192],"times":[193,202],"better":[194],"(accuracy)":[196],"two":[201],"faster":[203],"than":[204],"algorithms.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
