{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389950291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010006","title":"Design and Implementation of K-Band Electromagnetic Wave Rain Gauge System","display_name":"Design and Implementation of K-Band Electromagnetic Wave Rain Gauge System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389950291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010006","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/6/pdf?version=1704852354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/6/pdf?version=1704852354","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101038391","display_name":"Jeongho Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongho Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hyper-Converged Forensic Research Center for Infrastructure, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hyper-Converged Forensic Research Center for Infrastructure, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066948062","display_name":"Sanghun Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019177047","display_name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I3019177047","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanghun Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066948062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56481109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"6","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.7495772838592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6416791677474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6300927400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.594838559627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-radiation","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","score":0.4600626528263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4175790250301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3641199767589569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25164538621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16749721765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16190224885940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14219778776168823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.7495772838592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6416791677474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6300927400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.594838559627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.4600626528263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4175790250301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3641199767589569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25164538621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16749721765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16190224885940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14219778776168823}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010006","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/6/pdf?version=1704852354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:66cde2b54b7f49ea8b404d51856c87be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/66cde2b54b7f49ea8b404d51856c87be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 6 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16010006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010006","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/6/pdf?version=1704852354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1063013275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KMA2018-00224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5813242745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A5A1032433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8261888340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20220232-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389950291.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968451501","https://openalex.org/W2072655584","https://openalex.org/W2075854281","https://openalex.org/W2078641184","https://openalex.org/W2104897058","https://openalex.org/W2335856328","https://openalex.org/W2475771804","https://openalex.org/W2528393685","https://openalex.org/W2892352246","https://openalex.org/W2995507252","https://openalex.org/W2999975738","https://openalex.org/W3033116535","https://openalex.org/W3121975422","https://openalex.org/W4250115173","https://openalex.org/W6669982874","https://openalex.org/W6675883110","https://openalex.org/W6703022762","https://openalex.org/W6704819051","https://openalex.org/W6771326874","https://openalex.org/W6772812537","https://openalex.org/W6779119056","https://openalex.org/W6789233457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2266930785","https://openalex.org/W1967223642","https://openalex.org/W2353788459","https://openalex.org/W2313564459","https://openalex.org/W2013109143","https://openalex.org/W2111516701","https://openalex.org/W2170789839","https://openalex.org/W2313413636","https://openalex.org/W2153727189","https://openalex.org/W2076910706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,44],"order":[1],"to":[2,31,37],"prevent":[3],"and":[4,23,63,86,96,123],"manage":[5],"damage":[6],"caused":[7],"by":[8],"localized":[9],"torrential":[10],"downpours,":[11],"the":[12,20,60,65,107,111,121],"quantitative":[13,133],"observation":[14,61],"of":[15,26,109,113,126],"rainfall":[16,42,52,58,67],"is":[17,29],"crucial.":[18],"Considering":[19],"spatial":[21,124],"complexity":[22],"vertical":[24],"variability":[25],"rainfall,":[27],"it":[28],"important":[30],"obtain":[32],"low-altitude,":[33],"high-resolution":[34],"radar":[35,41],"observations":[36],"reduce":[38],"uncertainty":[39,131],"in":[40,102,132],"estimates.":[43],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"present":[48],"an":[49],"electromagnetic":[50,69],"wave":[51],"gauge":[53],"system":[54,73,94],"(EWRG)":[55],"that":[56],"detects":[57],"within":[59],"area":[62],"estimates":[64],"areal":[66],"using":[68],"waves.":[70],"The":[71,93,104],"EWRG":[72,105],"was":[74],"developed":[75],"based":[76],"on":[77],"a":[78,82],"subminiature":[79],"size":[80],"antenna,":[81],"K-band":[83],"dual-polarization":[84],"transceiver,":[85],"advanced":[87],"high-resolution,":[88],"high-speed":[89],"signal":[90,97],"processing":[91,98],"technology.":[92],"design":[95],"techniques":[99],"are":[100],"described":[101],"detail.":[103],"has":[106],"advantage":[108],"overcoming":[110],"limitations":[112],"conventional":[114],"cylindrical":[115],"ground":[116],"rain":[117,127],"gauges,":[118,128],"such":[119],"as":[120],"contamination":[122],"inaccuracy":[125],"which":[129],"cause":[130],"precipitation":[134],"measurement.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}