{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389617258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245697","title":"Multiple Greenness Indexes Revealed the Vegetation Greening during the Growing Season and Winter on the Tibetan Plateau despite Regional Variations","display_name":"Multiple Greenness Indexes Revealed the Vegetation Greening during the Growing Season and Winter on the Tibetan Plateau despite Regional Variations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389617258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15245697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5697/pdf?version=1702373430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5697/pdf?version=1702373430","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102834370","display_name":"Jinxia Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-4642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxia Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083864570","display_name":"Wenwu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5342-354X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenwu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037921034","display_name":"Ting Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-9010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035757505","display_name":"Lihao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725365","display_name":"Paulo Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146583814","display_name":"Mykolas Romeris University","ror":"https://ror.org/0052k0e03","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146583814"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, 08303 Vilnius, Lithuania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, 08303 Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146583814"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083864570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.7927,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84959874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"24","first_page":"5697","last_page":"5697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evergreen","display_name":"Evergreen","score":0.8072454333305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.7688740491867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.7461843490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-vegetation-index","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","score":0.7336125373840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6508060693740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.5766472220420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growing-season","display_name":"Growing season","score":0.5713887214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5171151161193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greening","display_name":"Greening","score":0.46655720472335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrestrial-ecosystem","display_name":"Terrestrial ecosystem","score":0.4209161698818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.42024126648902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3691447377204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.3585126996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3406972289085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.33043575286865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.13769850134849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06036290526390076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177924670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190489","display_name":"Evergreen","level":2,"score":0.8072454333305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.7688740491867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.7461843490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78869512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5378810","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","level":5,"score":0.7336125373840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6508060693740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5766472220420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.5713887214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5171151161193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778354632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5604190","display_name":"Greening","level":2,"score":0.46655720472335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65680412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3718755","display_name":"Terrestrial ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.4209161698818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.42024126648902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3691447377204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.3585126996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3406972289085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.33043575286865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13769850134849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06036290526390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15245697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5697/pdf?version=1702373430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3578425e99d9428a8ffbb165e9c6c762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3578425e99d9428a8ffbb165e9c6c762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 24, p 5697 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15245697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5697/pdf?version=1702373430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389617258.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102279446","https://openalex.org/W1512584774","https://openalex.org/W1878218827","https://openalex.org/W1985864794","https://openalex.org/W1999333549","https://openalex.org/W2011058124","https://openalex.org/W2022224360","https://openalex.org/W2028999607","https://openalex.org/W2035962295","https://openalex.org/W2063539675","https://openalex.org/W2069296328","https://openalex.org/W2077061040","https://openalex.org/W2101730845","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2139995297","https://openalex.org/W2140908571","https://openalex.org/W2142708715","https://openalex.org/W2153243519","https://openalex.org/W2170274820","https://openalex.org/W2234681893","https://openalex.org/W2288676674","https://openalex.org/W2302115378","https://openalex.org/W2321093038","https://openalex.org/W2552098192","https://openalex.org/W2557721593","https://openalex.org/W2603028033","https://openalex.org/W2757855149","https://openalex.org/W2790578975","https://openalex.org/W2800394907","https://openalex.org/W2805476954","https://openalex.org/W2808730255","https://openalex.org/W2888396686","https://openalex.org/W2892490661","https://openalex.org/W2893121233","https://openalex.org/W2896213076","https://openalex.org/W2906848991","https://openalex.org/W2918408501","https://openalex.org/W2921487911","https://openalex.org/W2929248585","https://openalex.org/W2944785292","https://openalex.org/W2945344246","https://openalex.org/W2947068792","https://openalex.org/W2947253263","https://openalex.org/W2954278476","https://openalex.org/W2979661794","https://openalex.org/W2991848483","https://openalex.org/W2999420346","https://openalex.org/W3006233966","https://openalex.org/W3009096822","https://openalex.org/W3009839885","https://openalex.org/W3014958757","https://openalex.org/W3018300429","https://openalex.org/W3039959470","https://openalex.org/W3080251720","https://openalex.org/W3088780508","https://openalex.org/W3088997255","https://openalex.org/W3095165220","https://openalex.org/W3107828915","https://openalex.org/W3108425349","https://openalex.org/W3129185376","https://openalex.org/W3133939009","https://openalex.org/W3135727636","https://openalex.org/W3151765578","https://openalex.org/W3158280072","https://openalex.org/W3196708372","https://openalex.org/W3201553586","https://openalex.org/W3215224654","https://openalex.org/W4206343835","https://openalex.org/W4214600340","https://openalex.org/W4225429664","https://openalex.org/W4226341957","https://openalex.org/W4280625012","https://openalex.org/W4281693171","https://openalex.org/W4281717287","https://openalex.org/W4282581994","https://openalex.org/W4286299948","https://openalex.org/W4286634238","https://openalex.org/W4288808584","https://openalex.org/W4291383500","https://openalex.org/W4308905156","https://openalex.org/W4321460102","https://openalex.org/W4362695500","https://openalex.org/W4379914316","https://openalex.org/W6604190841","https://openalex.org/W6791578031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377970987","https://openalex.org/W2392143884","https://openalex.org/W3044682787","https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W2171400093","https://openalex.org/W2548706448","https://openalex.org/W2372207774","https://openalex.org/W2460338911","https://openalex.org/W3012482952","https://openalex.org/W3142045992"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vegetation":[0],"is":[1],"an":[2,241],"essential":[3],"component":[4],"of":[5,39,57,80,146,180,199,239],"terrestrial":[6,81],"ecosystems":[7],"and":[8,13,84,98,109,124,130,154,163,197,205,223],"supplies":[9],"multiple":[10],"ecosystem":[11],"benefits":[12],"services.":[14],"Several":[15],"indices":[16,41],"have":[17,34,48],"been":[18,49],"used":[19,65],"to":[20,95],"monitor":[21],"changes":[22],"in":[23,51,55,101,104,144,160,170,175,177,201],"vegetation":[24,43,69,74,82,102,114,141,191,217],"communities":[25],"using":[26,117,121],"remotely-sensed":[27],"data.":[28],"However,":[29],"only":[30],"a":[31,36,158],"few":[32],"studies":[33],"conducted":[35],"comparative":[37],"analysis":[38,123],"different":[40,216],"concerning":[42],"greenness":[44,56,103,115,120,142,171],"variation.":[45],"Additionally,":[46],"there":[47,209],"oversights":[50],"assessing":[52],"the":[53,66,72,77,85,105,112,133,149,161,186,202,215,221,231,237],"change":[54,100,116],"evergreen":[58,113],"woody":[59],"species.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"study,":[63],"we":[64],"normalized":[67],"difference":[68],"index":[70,75,88,243],"(NDVI),":[71],"enhanced":[73,194],"(EVI),":[76],"near-infrared":[78],"reflectance":[79],"(NIRv),":[83],"leaf":[86],"area":[87],"(LAI)":[89],"data":[90,94],"derived":[91],"from":[92],"MODIS":[93],"examine":[96],"spatial":[97,251],"temporal":[99,247],"growing":[106,150,203],"season":[107,151,204],"(May\u2013September)":[108],"then":[110],"evaluated":[111],"winter":[118,176],"(December\u2013February)":[119],"trend":[122],"consistency":[125,213],"assessment":[126],"methods":[127],"between":[128,220],"2000":[129],"2022":[131],"on":[132,185],"Tibetan":[134],"Plateau,":[135],"China.":[136],"The":[137,225],"results":[138],"found":[139],"that":[140,190],"increased":[143],"80%":[145,179],"pixels":[147,200],"during":[148],"(northeastern,":[152],"central-eastern,":[153],"northwestern":[155],"regions).":[156],"Nevertheless,":[157],"decline":[159],"southwestern":[162],"central-southern":[164],"areas":[165],"was":[166,193,210,227],"identified.":[167],"Similar":[168],"trends":[169,248],"were":[172],"also":[173],"observed":[174],"about":[178],"pixels.":[181],"Consistency":[182],"analyses":[183],"based":[184],"four":[187],"indexes":[188],"showed":[189],"growth":[192],"by":[195],"29%":[196],"30%":[198],"winter,":[206],"respectively.":[207],"Further,":[208],"relatively":[211],"strong":[212],"among":[214],"indexes,":[218],"particularly":[219],"NIRv":[222],"EVI.":[224],"LAI":[226],"less":[228],"consistent":[229],"with":[230],"other":[232],"indexes.":[233],"These":[234],"findings":[235],"emphasize":[236],"importance":[238],"selecting":[240],"appropriate":[242],"when":[244],"monitoring":[245],"long-term":[246],"over":[249],"large":[250],"scales.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-21T23:30:37.877113","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
