{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388527356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225300","title":"An Evaluation of CRA40 and ERA5 Precipitation Products over China","display_name":"An Evaluation of CRA40 and ERA5 Precipitation Products over China","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388527356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15225300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5300/pdf?version=1699528875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5300/pdf?version=1699528875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111347585","display_name":"Zelan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151929","display_name":"Nanning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx82x73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China","School of Geographic Sciences and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011814914","display_name":"Chen Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-3237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375968","display_name":"Zhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9268-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151929","display_name":"Nanning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx82x73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China","School of Geographic Sciences and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110572383","display_name":"Yongming Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-3207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131567","display_name":"Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03y33h821","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanning 530022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanning 530022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100375968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.3403,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9280048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"22","first_page":"5300","last_page":"5300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.8408963084220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7168071269989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.6197115778923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainland-china","display_name":"Mainland China","score":0.46501806378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.43813174962997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.37992554903030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.34951451420783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3049687445163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11647698283195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11031237244606018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.8408963084220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7168071269989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6197115778923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107029721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19188","display_name":"Mainland China","level":3,"score":0.46501806378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.43813174962997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.37992554903030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.34951451420783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3049687445163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11647698283195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11031237244606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15225300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5300/pdf?version=1699528875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4e513fe58734cfab941cb104517c562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4e513fe58734cfab941cb104517c562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 22, p 5300 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15225300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5300/pdf?version=1699528875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3372181455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"311022001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313613","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4530945340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GXNSFAA238046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4969897163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AB22080104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313613","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5096584787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNNU-KLOP-K2103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313613","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7348810894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AB22035016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313613","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8790514116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GXNSFAA238046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313613","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313613","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322370","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388527356.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502575855","https://openalex.org/W1568694182","https://openalex.org/W1600398607","https://openalex.org/W1939181744","https://openalex.org/W1970246456","https://openalex.org/W1989120577","https://openalex.org/W1992652001","https://openalex.org/W2000759171","https://openalex.org/W2023194175","https://openalex.org/W2051416171","https://openalex.org/W2061227521","https://openalex.org/W2064019196","https://openalex.org/W2071455200","https://openalex.org/W2090249381","https://openalex.org/W2096194404","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2282304642","https://openalex.org/W2372624964","https://openalex.org/W2375489594","https://openalex.org/W2748182448","https://openalex.org/W2793745286","https://openalex.org/W2794755058","https://openalex.org/W2901415994","https://openalex.org/W2970833575","https://openalex.org/W2983113444","https://openalex.org/W2983186949","https://openalex.org/W2994490449","https://openalex.org/W2994680372","https://openalex.org/W2998181277","https://openalex.org/W3003295756","https://openalex.org/W3004086621","https://openalex.org/W3007697351","https://openalex.org/W3010205635","https://openalex.org/W3010907582","https://openalex.org/W3096283719","https://openalex.org/W3111731899","https://openalex.org/W3129160095","https://openalex.org/W3189896521","https://openalex.org/W4280638244","https://openalex.org/W4320030120","https://openalex.org/W6630116250","https://openalex.org/W6902811380","https://openalex.org/W6921184353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376106023","https://openalex.org/W2363784875","https://openalex.org/W2364982659","https://openalex.org/W4317242240","https://openalex.org/W2999352024","https://openalex.org/W2095179242","https://openalex.org/W2035969729","https://openalex.org/W2354666346","https://openalex.org/W2357280943","https://openalex.org/W2808110264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precipitation":[0],"datasets":[1],"derived":[2],"from":[3,67],"reanalysis":[4,26,35,43,196],"products":[5,126],"play":[6],"a":[7,85],"crucial":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,90,133,143,165],"weather":[11],"forecasting":[12],"and":[13,39,56,98,117,192,200],"hydrological":[14],"applications.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"aims":[18],"to":[19,185],"evaluate":[20],"the":[21,30,40,93,166,190,195],"performance":[22,164],"of":[23,74,92,131,138,168,189,194],"two":[24],"distinct":[25],"precipitation":[27,36,44,97,125,132,178,197],"products,":[28,198],"i.e.,":[29],"first-generation":[31],"Chinese":[32,68],"global":[33],"land-surface":[34],"product":[37,45],"(CRA40)":[38],"fifth-generation":[41],"European":[42],"(ERA5),":[46],"over":[47,88,202],"mainland":[48,134],"China.":[49,135,203],"The":[50,72,136],"evaluation":[51],"is":[52,140],"based":[53],"on":[54],"continuous":[55],"categorical":[57],"statistical":[58],"indicators":[59],"with":[60],"daily-scale":[61],"gridded-point":[62],"rain":[63],"gauge":[64],"data":[65],"obtained":[66],"surface":[69],"meteorological":[70],"stations.":[71],"findings":[73,182],"this":[75],"study":[76],"can":[77,175],"be":[78],"summarized":[79],"as":[80],"follows:":[81],"(1)":[82],"CRA40":[83,102,172,199],"demonstrates":[84],"clear":[86],"superiority":[87],"ERA5":[89,161,174],"terms":[91],"13-year":[94],"daily":[95,100,169],"mean":[96,112],"seasonal":[99],"precipitation.":[101,170],"exhibits":[103],"better":[104,163],"correlation":[105],"coefficients":[106],"(0.97),":[107],"relative":[108],"biases":[109],"(5.25%),":[110],"root":[111],"square":[113],"errors":[114,120],"(0.34":[115],"mm),":[116],"fractional":[118],"standard":[119],"(0.05).":[121],"(2)":[122],"Both":[123],"reanalyzed":[124],"generally":[127],"exhibit":[128],"an":[129],"overestimation":[130,139],"degree":[137],"particularly":[141],"pronounced":[142],"dry":[144],"climatic":[145],"regions":[146,152],"(e.g.,":[147,153],"QZ,":[148],"XJ),":[149],"while":[150],"wet":[151],"CJ,":[154],"HN)":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"relatively":[157],"less":[158],"overestimation.":[159],"(3)":[160],"shows":[162],"detection":[167],"Neither":[171],"nor":[173],"capture":[176],"heavy":[177],"events":[179],"well.":[180],"These":[181],"are":[183],"expected":[184],"advance":[186],"our":[187],"understanding":[188],"strengths":[191],"limitations":[193],"ERA5,":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
