{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387614764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204948","title":"Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape","display_name":"Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387614764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15204948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/4948/pdf?version=1697186191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/4948/pdf?version=1697186191","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102791143","display_name":"Yuanheng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-9132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-9132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075901687","display_name":"Binyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-9256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109646476","display_name":"Senlin Teng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senlin Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063700365","display_name":"Bingxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-9983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-9983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540629","display_name":"Zhaoxu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-8370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801472","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1315-6559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102791143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":1.7571,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83975066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"20","first_page":"4948","last_page":"4948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.8516250848770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8166438341140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.7975087761878967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.670526921749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-correction","display_name":"Atmospheric correction","score":0.5051515698432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.493403822183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4617680609226227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.45407071709632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.41131892800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2590564489364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2522244453430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18502724170684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.1826762855052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.1266232430934906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.8516250848770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8166438341140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.7975087761878967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.670526921749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817104","display_name":"Atmospheric correction","level":3,"score":0.5051515698432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.493403822183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4617680609226227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.45407071709632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.41131892800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2590564489364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2522244453430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18502724170684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.1826762855052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.1266232430934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15204948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/4948/pdf?version=1697186191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:79424c243170403fbb40d9d3bdeec38e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/79424c243170403fbb40d9d3bdeec38e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 20, p 4948 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15204948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/4948/pdf?version=1697186191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2168159991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2940037007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132023146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7973659193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8850616918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132023146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387614764.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965682604","https://openalex.org/W1966446776","https://openalex.org/W1967461490","https://openalex.org/W1972120760","https://openalex.org/W1975947941","https://openalex.org/W1977738593","https://openalex.org/W1990792395","https://openalex.org/W2001599060","https://openalex.org/W2011787232","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2058213690","https://openalex.org/W2060897350","https://openalex.org/W2081399384","https://openalex.org/W2108238008","https://openalex.org/W2113724293","https://openalex.org/W2122119815","https://openalex.org/W2123579413","https://openalex.org/W2125343954","https://openalex.org/W2139709933","https://openalex.org/W2139811940","https://openalex.org/W2139915136","https://openalex.org/W2170846069","https://openalex.org/W2188083314","https://openalex.org/W2234018419","https://openalex.org/W2273147317","https://openalex.org/W2344328155","https://openalex.org/W2476045487","https://openalex.org/W2489738207","https://openalex.org/W2598308383","https://openalex.org/W2605847660","https://openalex.org/W2606412288","https://openalex.org/W2736022141","https://openalex.org/W2799417842","https://openalex.org/W2897285410","https://openalex.org/W2920930972","https://openalex.org/W2947494554","https://openalex.org/W2960496276","https://openalex.org/W2976696463","https://openalex.org/W2989800208","https://openalex.org/W3045331167","https://openalex.org/W3207107553","https://openalex.org/W3213775452","https://openalex.org/W4280588113","https://openalex.org/W4280625906","https://openalex.org/W4281382682","https://openalex.org/W4313229413","https://openalex.org/W4366985904","https://openalex.org/W4382196916","https://openalex.org/W4385774027","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6720969598","https://openalex.org/W6722455405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107769888","https://openalex.org/W2000112597","https://openalex.org/W200080126","https://openalex.org/W2774256758","https://openalex.org/W2026859948","https://openalex.org/W2538601840","https://openalex.org/W2765253738","https://openalex.org/W4321765579","https://openalex.org/W2021379394","https://openalex.org/W2098457997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"successful":[1],"launch":[2],"of":[3,18,29,71,160,197],"Landsat-9":[4,41,163],"marks":[5],"a":[6],"significant":[7],"achievement":[8],"in":[9,149],"preserving":[10],"the":[11,16,27,32,129,154,195],"data":[12,151,165,186,198],"legacy":[13],"and":[14,31,40,58,84,109,128,140,162,182],"ensuring":[15,125],"continuity":[17,28,152,199],"Landsat\u2019s":[19],"calibrated":[20],"Earth":[21,99,168],"observations.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"comprehensively":[25],"assesses":[26],"reflectance":[30,57,65,107,136],"Normalized":[33],"Difference":[34],"Vegetation":[35],"Index":[36],"(NDVI)":[37],"between":[38],"Landsat-8":[39,161],"Operational":[42],"Land":[43],"Imagers":[44],"(OLIs)":[45],"over":[46],"diverse":[47,167],"Chinese":[48],"landscapes.":[49],"It":[50],"reveals":[51],"that":[52,70],"sensor":[53,176],"discrepancies":[54],"minimally":[55],"impact":[56],"NDVI":[59,91,130],"consistency.":[60],"Although":[61],"Landsat-9\u2019s":[62,147],"top-of-atmosphere":[63],"(TOA)":[64],"is":[66],"slightly":[67],"lower":[68],"than":[69],"Landsat-8,":[72],"small":[73],"root-mean-square":[74],"errors":[75],"(RMSEs)":[76],"ranging":[77],"from":[78,187],"0.0102":[79],"to":[80,114,193],"0.0248":[81],"for":[82,90,98,166],"VNIR":[83],"SWIR":[85],"bands":[86],"(and":[87],"larger":[88],"RMSE":[89],"at":[92],"0.0422)":[93],"fall":[94],"within":[95,153],"acceptable":[96],"ranges":[97],"observation":[100,169],"applications.":[101],"Applying":[102],"atmospheric":[103],"corrections":[104],"markedly":[105],"enhances":[106],"uniformity":[108],"brings":[110],"regression":[111],"slopes":[112],"closer":[113],"unity.":[115],"Further,":[116],"Bidirectional":[117],"Reflectance":[118],"Distribution":[119],"Function":[120],"(BRDF)":[121],"adjustments":[122],"improve":[123],"comparability,":[124],"measurement":[126],"reliability,":[127],"maintains":[131],"robust":[132],"consistency":[133],"across":[134,178],"various":[135],"types,":[137],"time":[138],"series,":[139],"land":[141],"cover":[142],"classes.":[143],"These":[144],"findings":[145],"affirm":[146],"success":[148],"achieving":[150],"Landsat":[155],"program,":[156],"allowing":[157],"interchangeable":[158],"use":[159],"OLI":[164],"purposes.":[170],"Future":[171],"research":[172],"may":[173],"explore":[174],"specific":[175],"correlations":[177],"different":[179],"vegetation":[180],"types":[181],"seasons":[183],"while":[184],"integrating":[185],"complementary":[188],"platforms,":[189],"such":[190],"as":[191],"Sentinel-2,":[192],"enhance":[194],"understanding":[196],"factors.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}