{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387263615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194772","title":"Small-Sample Underwater Target Detection: A Joint Approach Utilizing Diffusion and YOLOv7 Model","display_name":"Small-Sample Underwater Target Detection: A Joint Approach Utilizing Diffusion and YOLOv7 Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387263615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194772","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4772/pdf?version=1695997373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4772/pdf?version=1695997373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009580114","display_name":"Chensheng Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chensheng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028854488","display_name":"Xujia Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xujia Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041686361","display_name":"X. Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687146","display_name":"Weidong Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101421860","display_name":"Feihu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-727X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feihu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytenical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101421860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.7226,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93223042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"19","first_page":"4772","last_page":"4772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.8804281949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7902153730392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.5138407349586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5015811920166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.44676342606544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10046398639678955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.8804281949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7902153730392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.5138407349586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5015811920166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.44676342606544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10046398639678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194772","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4772/pdf?version=1695997373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:302d9229823e498daf752070b7347d8f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/302d9229823e498daf752070b7347d8f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 19, p 4772 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/19/4772/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194772","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4772/pdf?version=1695997373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1759095551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D5000210944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3153752601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1313200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3323143141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D5000210944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3985359093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PF2023066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5517038434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5532758977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D5000210944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5667199478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PF2023066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7085676051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52171322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7729661815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52171322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7761035227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1313200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387263615.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2752253833","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2943210864","https://openalex.org/W2956051753","https://openalex.org/W2992005611","https://openalex.org/W3023690138","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3040835882","https://openalex.org/W3090563790","https://openalex.org/W3090761692","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3122968861","https://openalex.org/W3150807214","https://openalex.org/W3158762648","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3197086755","https://openalex.org/W3202122417","https://openalex.org/W3212516020","https://openalex.org/W3216759837","https://openalex.org/W4206566734","https://openalex.org/W4225566824","https://openalex.org/W4229027962","https://openalex.org/W4285010209","https://openalex.org/W4289535494","https://openalex.org/W4290851406","https://openalex.org/W4292566376","https://openalex.org/W4294562173","https://openalex.org/W4313582841","https://openalex.org/W4315781540","https://openalex.org/W4321770571","https://openalex.org/W4353065795","https://openalex.org/W4380201099","https://openalex.org/W4381938474","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6770847983","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6810646263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3199220297","https://openalex.org/W2137769200","https://openalex.org/W2070821970","https://openalex.org/W2032962400","https://openalex.org/W2952608638","https://openalex.org/W1996172652","https://openalex.org/W2911323905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"target":[1,27,42,76,142,146],"detection":[2,28,43,77,101,171,229],"technology":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,45,65,176,217,246],"crucial":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,23,188,242,249],"the":[9,24,30,52,72,83,97,105,151,158,182,185,194,207,210,234,237,252],"autonomous":[10,130],"exploration":[11],"of":[12,26,32,49,57,68,74,99,107,184,196,223],"underwater":[13,41,58,91,108,118,131,141,253],"vehicles.":[14],"In":[15],"recent":[16],"years,":[17],"significant":[18],"progress":[19],"has":[20],"been":[21],"made":[22],"field":[25],"through":[29],"application":[31],"artificial":[33],"intelligence":[34],"technology.":[35],"Effectively":[36],"applying":[37],"AI":[38],"techniques":[39],"to":[40,64,85,139,163,202,233],"is":[44,82,173],"highly":[46],"promising":[47],"area":[48],"research.":[50],"However,":[51],"difficulty":[53],"and":[54,116,169,192],"high":[55],"cost":[56],"acoustic":[59,92,109],"data":[60,147,160,191,215],"collection":[61],"have":[62],"led":[63],"severe":[66],"lack":[67],"data,":[69,93,209],"greatly":[70],"restricting":[71],"development":[73],"deep-learning-based":[75],"methods.":[78],"The":[79,144,179],"present":[80],"study":[81,244],"first":[84],"utilize":[86],"diffusion":[87,153],"models":[88,203],"for":[89],"generating":[90,189],"thereby":[94],"effectively":[95],"addressing":[96],"issue":[98],"poor":[100],"performance":[102,172],"arising":[103],"from":[104],"scarcity":[106],"data.":[110,143,200],"Firstly,":[111],"we":[112,127],"place":[113],"iron":[114],"cylinders":[115],"cones":[117],"(simulating":[119],"small":[120],"preset":[121],"targets":[122],"such":[123],"as":[124],"mines).":[125],"Subsequently,":[126],"employ":[128],"an":[129,165],"vehicle":[132],"(AUV)":[133],"equipped":[134],"with":[135,213],"side-scan":[136],"sonar":[137],"(SSS)":[138],"obtain":[140],"collected":[145],"are":[148,161],"augmented":[149,159,214],"using":[150],"denoising":[152],"probabilistic":[154],"model":[155,211,240],"(DDPM).":[156],"Finally,":[157],"used":[162],"train":[164],"improved":[166,238],"YOLOv7":[167,239],"model,":[168,236],"its":[170],"evaluated":[174],"on":[175,206,251],"test":[177],"set.":[178],"results":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"effectiveness":[183],"proposed":[186,241],"method":[187],"similar":[190],"overcoming":[193],"challenge":[195],"limited":[197],"training":[198],"sample":[199],"Compared":[201],"trained":[204,212],"solely":[205],"original":[208,235],"shows":[216],"mean":[218],"average":[219],"precision":[220],"(mAP)":[221],"improvement":[222],"approximately":[224],"30%":[225],"across":[226],"various":[227],"mainstream":[228],"networks.":[230],"Additionally,":[231],"compared":[232],"this":[243],"exhibits":[245],"2%":[247],"increase":[248],"mAP":[250],"dataset.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
