{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387058794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194702","title":"Black Carbon in a City of the Atacama Desert before and after the Start of the COVID-19 Lockdown: Ground Measurements and MERRA-2 Reanalysis","display_name":"Black Carbon in a City of the Atacama Desert before and after the Start of the COVID-19 Lockdown: Ground Measurements and MERRA-2 Reanalysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387058794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194702","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4702/pdf?version=1695698991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4702/pdf?version=1695698991","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033977451","display_name":"Rafael N. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-7467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129593361","display_name":"Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0087jna26","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael N. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033977451","display_name":"Rafael N. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-7467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129593361","display_name":"Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0087jna26","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}],"countries":["PE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafael N. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","Department of Physics, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084266905","display_name":"W. P. Arnott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-2152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Patrick Arnott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003250307","display_name":"G. Paredes-Miranda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guadalupe Paredes-Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA","Instituto de Ciencias de la Atm\u00f3sfera y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Atm\u00f3sfera y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058262375","display_name":"Omar Ramos-P\u00e9rez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Ramos-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ciencias de la Atm\u00f3sfera y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico","Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigaci\u00f3n Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Col. Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Atm\u00f3sfera y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigaci\u00f3n Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Col. Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009391843","display_name":"D. Salcedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-111X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129593361","display_name":"Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0087jna26","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX","PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dara Salcedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigaci\u00f3n Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Col. Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico","Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigaci\u00f3n Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Col. Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092945979","display_name":"Hugo A. Torres-Muro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129593361","display_name":"Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0087jna26","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Torres-Muro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rosa M. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129593361","display_name":"Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0087jna26","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX","PE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rosa M. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","Instituto de Geof\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Geof\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rosa M. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129593361","display_name":"Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0087jna26","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa M. Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Abanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 230003, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129593361"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026395224","display_name":"Giovanni Carabal\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-4620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Carabali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Geof\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Geof\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033977451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660","https://openalex.org/I3129593361","https://openalex.org/I8961855"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0763,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74214396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"19","first_page":"4702","last_page":"4702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7287485003471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4239409863948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.39665186405181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.37427687644958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15611359477043152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7287485003471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4239409863948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.39665186405181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.37427687644958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15611359477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194702","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4702/pdf?version=1695698991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:36d28cd0f77949a79b99b8571eee2b57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/36d28cd0f77949a79b99b8571eee2b57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 19, p 4702 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/19/4702/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194702","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4702/pdf?version=1695698991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3952839068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MERRA-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387058794.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485504984","https://openalex.org/W1895103177","https://openalex.org/W1907369419","https://openalex.org/W1970975631","https://openalex.org/W1973246979","https://openalex.org/W1983146165","https://openalex.org/W1984613928","https://openalex.org/W1988473208","https://openalex.org/W1991505582","https://openalex.org/W1997573858","https://openalex.org/W2007845192","https://openalex.org/W2010821940","https://openalex.org/W2028111254","https://openalex.org/W2028999185","https://openalex.org/W2036020873","https://openalex.org/W2041783181","https://openalex.org/W2044141801","https://openalex.org/W2048914915","https://openalex.org/W2052626216","https://openalex.org/W2060098961","https://openalex.org/W2063164636","https://openalex.org/W2069977802","https://openalex.org/W2077485748","https://openalex.org/W2083873585","https://openalex.org/W2088538545","https://openalex.org/W2093994625","https://openalex.org/W2098238326","https://openalex.org/W2105667384","https://openalex.org/W2114697822","https://openalex.org/W2135523449","https://openalex.org/W2138106329","https://openalex.org/W2140282454","https://openalex.org/W2144246899","https://openalex.org/W2144923407","https://openalex.org/W2147876975","https://openalex.org/W2162214076","https://openalex.org/W2166063496","https://openalex.org/W2168114717","https://openalex.org/W2171734060","https://openalex.org/W2353599515","https://openalex.org/W2607030186","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2626032231","https://openalex.org/W2674884973","https://openalex.org/W2766769544","https://openalex.org/W2885226068","https://openalex.org/W2900845161","https://openalex.org/W2911419629","https://openalex.org/W2965675427","https://openalex.org/W2987606415","https://openalex.org/W2987727909","https://openalex.org/W2994879822","https://openalex.org/W3018096074","https://openalex.org/W3033273645","https://openalex.org/W3119169991","https://openalex.org/W3123632093","https://openalex.org/W3134486293","https://openalex.org/W3158442159","https://openalex.org/W3195460616","https://openalex.org/W3198295344","https://openalex.org/W3200397208","https://openalex.org/W3202976237","https://openalex.org/W3204054648","https://openalex.org/W4211142008","https://openalex.org/W4281697567","https://openalex.org/W4307398187","https://openalex.org/W4312226428","https://openalex.org/W4367182028","https://openalex.org/W6663908017","https://openalex.org/W6677257859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382894326","https://openalex.org/W3035105474","https://openalex.org/W4205698903","https://openalex.org/W4294968941","https://openalex.org/W4390279739","https://openalex.org/W4205413867","https://openalex.org/W3179695362","https://openalex.org/W3175450294","https://openalex.org/W3135208316","https://openalex.org/W3187621644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,123],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"the":[3,95,108,119,136,148,151,159,181,184,199],"temporal":[4],"variations":[5],"of":[6,42,115,153,183],"black":[7],"carbon":[8],"(BC)":[9],"were":[10,37,49,78,112,156],"analyzed":[11],"from":[12,147,202],"November":[13],"2019":[14],"to":[15,158],"September":[16],"2021,":[17],"in":[18,170,190],"Tacna,":[19],"Peru.":[20],"Ground":[21],"measurements":[22,111],"obtained":[23],"with":[24],"a":[25,100,167],"photoacoustic":[26],"extinctiometer":[27],"(PAX":[28],"BC)":[29,36],"and":[30,61,71,88,132,150,161,176,187],"NASA\u2019s":[31],"MERRA-2":[32,75,120,125,191,197],"reanalysis":[33],"data":[34],"(MERRA-2":[35],"used.":[38],"The":[39,140,163],"seasonal":[40],"concentrations":[41],"PAX":[43,109,171],"BC":[44,76,110,121,137,172,200],"(mean":[45],"\u00b1":[46,53,56,59,63,80,83,86,90],"standard":[47],"deviation)":[48],"as":[50,107],"follows:":[51],"0.70":[52,58],"0.35,":[54],"0.73":[55],"0.46,":[57],"0.39,":[60],"0.85":[62],"0.46":[64],"\u00b5g":[65,92],"m\u22123,":[66,93],"for":[67,94],"spring,":[68],"summer,":[69],"autumn,":[70],"winter,":[72],"respectively;":[73],"while":[74],"values":[77],"0.12":[79],"0.11,":[81],"0.06":[82,85,91],"0.02,":[84,87],"0.11":[89],"same":[96],"seasons.":[97],"We":[98],"found":[99],"large":[101],"discrepancy":[102],"between":[103],"these":[104],"two":[105,177],"techniques,":[106],"an":[113],"order":[114],"magnitude":[116],"higher":[117],"than":[118],"values.":[122],"addition,":[124],"did":[126,133],"not":[127,134],"record":[128],"urban":[129],"pollution":[130],"events":[131],"present":[135],"weekend":[138],"effect.":[139],"most":[141],"frequent":[142],"wind":[143],"direction":[144],"(81%)":[145],"was":[146],"southwest":[149],"sources":[152],"greatest":[154],"contamination":[155],"located":[157],"northeast":[160],"southeast.":[162],"Mann\u2013Kendall":[164],"test":[165],"confirmed":[166],"downward":[168],"trend":[169,189],"one":[173],"week":[174],"(37%)":[175],"weeks":[178],"(30%)":[179],"after":[180],"start":[182],"COVID-19":[185],"lockdown,":[186],"no":[188],"BC.":[192],"These":[193],"results":[194],"suggest":[195],"that":[196],"underestimates":[198],"emissions":[201],"local":[203],"sources.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
