{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387058622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194687","title":"Supervised Geomorphic Mapping of Himalayan Rivers Based on Sentinel-2 Data","display_name":"Supervised Geomorphic Mapping of Himalayan Rivers Based on Sentinel-2 Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387058622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194687","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048368210","display_name":"Zarka Mukhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-6367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zarka Mukhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032373497","display_name":"Simone Bizzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0588-826X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Bizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091092546","display_name":"Francesco Comiti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-0165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Comiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048368210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":3098,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3341},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12975837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"19","first_page":"4687","last_page":"4687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluvial","display_name":"Fluvial","score":0.6583117246627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5217141509056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.458777517080307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.43435513973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42131954431533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.41637665033340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.40597301721572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.37354549765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2916357219219208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.2172217071056366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.15213245153427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12434843182563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10203298926353455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112959462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434465","display_name":"Fluvial","level":3,"score":0.6583117246627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5217141509056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.458777517080307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.43435513973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42131954431533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.41637665033340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.40597301721572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.37354549765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2916357219219208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2172217071056366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15213245153427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12434843182563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10203298926353455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.39UBZ_INST:11305138370001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4687","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4687/pdf?version=1695635200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3508922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3508922","pdf_url":"https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3508922/2/remotesensing-15-04687.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b328f95e6dd149c58272a1af016d1467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b328f95e6dd149c58272a1af016d1467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 19, p 4687 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/19/4687/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1012081417","https://openalex.org/W1703568780","https://openalex.org/W1868912000","https://openalex.org/W1896179288","https://openalex.org/W1925590827","https://openalex.org/W1937819093","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1987161776","https://openalex.org/W1993417238","https://openalex.org/W2009396719","https://openalex.org/W2011131726","https://openalex.org/W2031372619","https://openalex.org/W2031380708","https://openalex.org/W2044451987","https://openalex.org/W2044834105","https://openalex.org/W2065600482","https://openalex.org/W2088065042","https://openalex.org/W2135350092","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2139086914","https://openalex.org/W2199376090","https://openalex.org/W2293160657","https://openalex.org/W2313043313","https://openalex.org/W2333041391","https://openalex.org/W2581705029","https://openalex.org/W2648242067","https://openalex.org/W2775333645","https://openalex.org/W2784513399","https://openalex.org/W2790876583","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2922388164","https://openalex.org/W2950493522","https://openalex.org/W2970273935","https://openalex.org/W2981952041","https://openalex.org/W2994984469","https://openalex.org/W3005859379","https://openalex.org/W3009961211","https://openalex.org/W3037454136","https://openalex.org/W3042983905","https://openalex.org/W3096235391","https://openalex.org/W3110230508","https://openalex.org/W3124992511","https://openalex.org/W3158528923","https://openalex.org/W3206490164","https://openalex.org/W4224098539","https://openalex.org/W4225405144","https://openalex.org/W4293731581","https://openalex.org/W4293744931","https://openalex.org/W4295204219","https://openalex.org/W4306398673","https://openalex.org/W4312064984","https://openalex.org/W4385617491","https://openalex.org/W4389305386","https://openalex.org/W6764474551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007869563","https://openalex.org/W2742025806","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W4388314528","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W166202855","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W2391090996","https://openalex.org/W2344332614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121,160,231],"Himalayan":[1,94,112,132,263,282],"region":[2,133],"is":[3,123],"a":[4,64,101,216,244,269],"hotspot":[5],"in":[6,42,50,93,111,261,280],"terms":[7],"of":[8,38,126,187,241,247,252,288],"expected":[9],"future":[10,80],"hydrological":[11],"and":[12,22,45,55,70,134,147,152,171,174,177,207,215,243,275,294],"geomorphological":[13],"variations":[14,157],"induced":[15],"by":[16],"climate":[17],"change":[18],"on":[19,90,163],"proglacial":[20,40,95,113,258,283],"areas":[21],"the":[23,31,36,39,43,46,116,124,131,181,196,212,223,228,250,253,262,281],"related":[24],"implications":[25],"for":[26,130,195,211,256,291],"human":[27],"societies":[28],"established":[29],"along":[30],"downstream":[32],"rivers.":[33,96],"Due":[34],"to":[35,67,78,107,140,154,226,272],"remoteness":[37],"zones":[41],"Himalayas":[44],"associated":[47],"logistical":[48],"problems":[49],"carrying":[51],"out":[52],"traditional":[53],"field":[54],"UAV-based":[56],"morphological":[57,91,102,277],"monitoring":[58],"activities,":[59],"remote":[60],"sensing":[61],"here":[62],"plays":[63],"crucial":[65],"role":[66],"monitor":[68],"past":[69,274],"current":[71,276],"fluvial":[72],"dynamics,":[73],"which":[74,200,285],"could":[75],"be":[76,287],"used":[77,191],"anticipate":[79],"changes;":[81],"however,":[82],"there":[83],"has":[84],"been,":[85],"so":[86],"far,":[87],"limited":[88],"research":[89,293],"changes":[92,110,278],"To":[97],"address":[98],"this":[99,266],"gap,":[100],"classification":[103],"model":[104,122,229,232],"was":[105,220],"designed":[106],"classify":[108],"recent":[109],"rivers":[114],"using":[115],"Google":[117],"Earth":[118],"Engine":[119],"platform.":[120],"first":[125],"its":[127],"kind":[128],"developed":[129],"uses":[135],"multispectral":[136],"S-2":[137],"satellite":[138],"data":[139,255],"delineate":[141],"submerged":[142],"water":[143],"channels,":[144],"vegetated":[145],"surfaces,":[146],"emerged,":[148],"unvegetated":[149],"sediment":[150],"bars,":[151],"then":[153],"track":[155],"their":[156],"over":[158],"time.":[159],"study":[161,267],"focused":[162],"three":[164],"training":[165,193,213],"sites:":[166],"Langtang-Khola":[167],"(Nepal),":[168],"Saltoro":[169],"(Pakistan),":[170],"Nubra":[172],"(Jammu":[173],"Kashmir)":[175],"rivers,":[176,284],"one":[178],"testing":[179,224],"site,":[180],"Ganga-Bhagirathi":[182],"River":[183],"(India).":[184],"A":[185],"total":[186],"900":[188],"polygons":[189],"were":[190,201],"as":[192],"samples":[194],"random":[197],"forest":[198],"classifier,":[199],"further":[202],"divided":[203],"into":[204],"70%":[205],"calibration":[206],"30%":[208],"validation":[209,218],"datasets":[210],"sites,":[214],"separate":[217],"dataset":[219],"acquired":[221],"from":[222],"site":[225],"assess":[227],"performance.":[230],"achieved":[233],"high":[234],"accuracy,":[235],"with":[236],"an":[237],"average":[238],"overall":[239],"accuracy":[240],"96%":[242],"kappa":[245],"index":[246],"0.94,":[248],"indicating":[249],"reliability":[251],"S2":[254],"modeling":[257],"geomorphic":[259],"features":[260],"region.":[264],"Therefore,":[265],"provides":[268],"reliable":[270],"tool":[271],"detect":[273],"occurring":[279],"will":[286],"great":[289],"value":[290],"both":[292],"river":[295],"management":[296],"purposes.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}