{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386838045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184572","title":"Efficient Wheat Lodging Detection Using UAV Remote Sensing Images and an Innovative Multi-Branch Classification Framework","display_name":"Efficient Wheat Lodging Detection Using UAV Remote Sensing Images and an Innovative Multi-Branch Classification Framework","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386838045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4572/pdf?version=1694943478","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4572/pdf?version=1694943478","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100324016","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-1462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangjin Meteorological Bureau, China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy, Chongqing 402260, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangjin Meteorological Bureau, China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy, Chongqing 402260, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101742285","display_name":"Rundong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-1243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rundong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049251987","display_name":"Ziqian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101454577","display_name":"Jie Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-0782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","Jiangjin Meteorological Bureau, China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy, Chongqing 402260, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangjin Meteorological Bureau, China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy, Chongqing 402260, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024340887","display_name":"Ahsan Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026057434","display_name":"Congying Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035344366","display_name":"Xuan Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4155-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652735","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9088-4010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100137","display_name":"Kaifeng University","ror":"https://ror.org/012nfwd22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaifeng Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Kaifeng 475000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaifeng Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Kaifeng 475000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100137","https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082654276","display_name":"Zhanhong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-5001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanhong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101454577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092","https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.6166,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96072794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"4572","last_page":"4572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9394000172615051,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7389668226242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.601099967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5706958770751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.45951521396636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.44816988706588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4279130697250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09176337718963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08926591277122498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7389668226242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.601099967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5706958770751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.45951521396636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44816988706588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4279130697250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09176337718963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08926591277122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4572/pdf?version=1694943478","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57638dd42407453db411f0825cd63fe3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57638dd42407453db411f0825cd63fe3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 4572 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4572/pdf?version=1694943478","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386838045.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989663878","https://openalex.org/W1998686312","https://openalex.org/W2006376189","https://openalex.org/W2034366255","https://openalex.org/W2064636932","https://openalex.org/W2067030253","https://openalex.org/W2069209512","https://openalex.org/W2162950158","https://openalex.org/W2350113420","https://openalex.org/W2499316477","https://openalex.org/W2532314432","https://openalex.org/W2728224506","https://openalex.org/W2767106145","https://openalex.org/W2890513934","https://openalex.org/W2916442355","https://openalex.org/W2949736877","https://openalex.org/W2955719446","https://openalex.org/W2963587345","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2971419816","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2985650650","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3019203550","https://openalex.org/W3035046117","https://openalex.org/W3042926432","https://openalex.org/W3094775289","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W4286664797","https://openalex.org/W4306311936","https://openalex.org/W4321373568","https://openalex.org/W6659216921","https://openalex.org/W6666487912","https://openalex.org/W6846053352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377995895","https://openalex.org/W2139294397","https://openalex.org/W2967694018","https://openalex.org/W2133144887","https://openalex.org/W2898005000","https://openalex.org/W2145982493","https://openalex.org/W2100766099","https://openalex.org/W2161390327","https://openalex.org/W2012893378","https://openalex.org/W4366828679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wheat":[0],"lodging":[1,15,32,124,166,205],"has":[2],"a":[3,27,59,66,99],"significant":[4],"impact":[5],"on":[6],"yields":[7],"and":[8,21,36,56,76,96,167,199,212,234],"quality,":[9],"necessitating":[10],"the":[11,83,116,134,148,179,189,195,236,239],"accurate":[12],"acquisition":[13],"of":[14,50,69,103,161,170,175,186,197,238],"information":[16],"for":[17,30,62,105,163,172,223],"effective":[18],"disaster":[19],"assessment":[20],"damage":[22,232],"evaluation.":[23],"This":[24,218],"study":[25,80,219],"presents":[26],"novel":[28],"approach":[29],"wheat":[31,107,123,165,176,204],"detection":[33,125],"in":[34,122,206],"large":[35],"heterogeneous":[37,215],"fields":[38],"using":[39],"UAV":[40,225],"remote":[41,72,226],"sensing":[42,73,227],"images.":[43],"A":[44],"comprehensive":[45,67,191],"dataset":[46],"spanning":[47],"an":[48,140,157,168,184],"area":[49,173],"2.3117":[51],"km2":[52],"was":[53],"meticulously":[54],"collected":[55],"labeled,":[57],"constituting":[58],"valuable":[60,221],"resource":[61],"this":[63,79],"study.":[64],"Through":[65],"comparison":[68],"algorithmic":[70],"models,":[71,89],"data":[74,114],"types,":[75],"model":[77,85,118],"frameworks,":[78],"demonstrates":[81],"that":[82,146],"Deeplabv3+":[84],"outperforms":[86],"various":[87],"other":[88],"including":[90],"U-net,":[91],"Bisenetv2,":[92,95],"FastSCN,":[93],"RTFormer,":[94],"HRNet,":[97],"achieving":[98],"noteworthy":[100],"F1":[101,159],"score":[102,160],"90.22%":[104],"detecting":[106,164],"lodging.":[108],"Intriguingly,":[109],"by":[110,183],"leveraging":[111,224],"RGB":[112],"image":[113],"alone,":[115],"current":[117],"achieves":[119],"high-accuracy":[120],"rates":[121],"compared":[126],"to":[127,202,229],"models":[128],"trained":[129],"with":[130],"multispectral":[131],"datasets":[132],"at":[133],"same":[135],"resolution.":[136],"Moreover,":[137],"we":[138],"introduce":[139],"innovative":[141],"multi-branch":[142],"binary":[143],"classification":[144],"framework":[145,155,182],"surpasses":[147],"traditional":[149],"single-branch":[150,180],"multi-classification":[151,181],"framework.":[152],"The":[153],"proposed":[154],"yielded":[156],"outstanding":[158],"90.30%":[162],"accuracy":[169],"86.94%":[171],"extraction":[174],"lodging,":[177],"surpassing":[178],"improvement":[185],"7.22%.":[187],"Significantly,":[188],"present":[190],"experimental":[192],"results":[193],"showcase":[194],"capacity":[196],"UAVs":[198],"deep":[200],"learning":[201],"detect":[203],"expansive":[207],"areas,":[208],"demonstrating":[209],"high":[210],"efficiency":[211],"cost-effectiveness":[213],"under":[214],"field":[216],"conditions.":[217],"offers":[220],"insights":[222],"technology":[228],"identify":[230],"post-disaster":[231],"areas":[233],"assess":[235],"extent":[237],"damage.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}