{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386780434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184531","title":"C2S-RoadNet: Road Extraction Model with Depth-Wise Separable Convolution and Self-Attention","display_name":"C2S-RoadNet: Road Extraction Model with Depth-Wise Separable Convolution and Self-Attention","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386780434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4531/pdf?version=1694831085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4531/pdf?version=1694831085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033601702","display_name":"Anchao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-6908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anchao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006376214","display_name":"Chao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-6619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin 541106, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin 541106, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064642893","display_name":"Zhiheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7604-4209"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Provincial Traffic Regulation Institute Engineering Intelligent Maintenance Technology Co., Hefei 230088, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Provincial Traffic Regulation Institute Engineering Intelligent Maintenance Technology Co., Hefei 230088, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012143800","display_name":"Xiaoqin Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8051-7079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqin Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101784315","display_name":"Ying Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-519X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405075","display_name":"Yuanyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2503-9975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076449639","display_name":"Jiakai Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6951-841X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiakai Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076434465","display_name":"Cong Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006376214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86405077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"4531","last_page":"4531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7992532253265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5640942454338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5124988555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4949023127555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.48981425166130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space","display_name":"Separable space","score":0.4515083432197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.44947806000709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41426119208335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.408793181180954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40415143966674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.14801353216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08982285857200623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7992532253265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5640942454338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5124988555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4949023127555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.48981425166130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.4515083432197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.44947806000709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41426119208335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.408793181180954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40415143966674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.14801353216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08982285857200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4531/pdf?version=1694831085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:113b8e1b6a5d42868e78bd520e4572d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/113b8e1b6a5d42868e78bd520e4572d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 4531 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4531/pdf?version=1694831085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2052432112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42064003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321925","funder_display_name":"Guilin University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6522371074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42064003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321925","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386780434.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2102048636","https://openalex.org/W2143972956","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2395811491","https://openalex.org/W2396664530","https://openalex.org/W2416190443","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2593886839","https://openalex.org/W2594652239","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2783572327","https://openalex.org/W2804199516","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2896108617","https://openalex.org/W2921476973","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2968614659","https://openalex.org/W3116069713","https://openalex.org/W3119784490","https://openalex.org/W3133664098","https://openalex.org/W3147628841","https://openalex.org/W3150573203","https://openalex.org/W3162672913","https://openalex.org/W3187694379","https://openalex.org/W3200870516","https://openalex.org/W3202923600","https://openalex.org/W4200547174","https://openalex.org/W4220952556","https://openalex.org/W4224269597","https://openalex.org/W4236972485","https://openalex.org/W4285010746","https://openalex.org/W4285114932","https://openalex.org/W4322706642","https://openalex.org/W6711850960","https://openalex.org/W6711967737","https://openalex.org/W6716302598","https://openalex.org/W6839844606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811390910","https://openalex.org/W2146076056","https://openalex.org/W2144059113","https://openalex.org/W3003836766","https://openalex.org/W1964120219","https://openalex.org/W2000165426","https://openalex.org/W2385132419","https://openalex.org/W2772780115","https://openalex.org/W2114557664","https://openalex.org/W2942471066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,28,52,81,99],"effectively":[3,124],"utilize":[4,58],"acquired":[5],"remote":[6],"sensing":[7],"imagery":[8],"and":[9,46,56,61,179,184,196,201,216,221,226],"improve":[10,100,125],"the":[11,30,69,101,115,126,149,171,175,189,192,213,217],"completeness":[12],"of":[13,89,107,117,128],"information":[14,83,109],"extraction,":[15,157],"we":[16],"propose":[17],"a":[18,74],"new":[19],"road":[20,65,118,129,145,156,173],"extraction":[21,32,103,116],"model":[22,151],"called":[23],"C2S-RoadNet.":[24],"C2S-RoadNet":[25,49,150],"was":[26,79],"designed":[27,80],"enhance":[29],"feature":[31],"capability":[33],"by":[34],"combining":[35],"depth-wise":[36],"separable":[37],"convolution":[38],"with":[39,132,161],"lightweight":[40,70],"asymmetric":[41,71],"self-attention":[42,72],"based":[43,137],"on":[44,68,138,142,188,212],"encoder":[45],"decoder":[47],"structures.":[48],"is":[50],"able":[51],"establish":[53],"long-distance":[54],"dependencies":[55],"fully":[57,93],"global":[59],"information,":[60,121],"it":[62],"better":[63],"extracts":[64],"information.":[66,130],"Based":[67],"network,":[73],"multi-scale":[75],"adaptive":[76,90],"weight":[77],"module":[78],"aggregate":[82],"at":[84,96],"different":[85,97],"scales.":[86],"The":[87,105,204],"use":[88],"weights":[91],"can":[92,123,152],"harness":[94],"features":[95],"scales":[98],"model\u2019s":[102],"performance.":[104],"strengthening":[106],"backbone":[108],"plays":[110],"an":[111],"important":[112],"role":[113],"in":[114],"main":[119],"branch":[120],"which":[122],"integrity":[127],"Compared":[131],"existing":[133],"deep":[134],"learning":[135],"algorithms":[136],"encoder\u2013decoder,":[139],"experimental":[140],"results":[141],"various":[143],"public":[144],"datasets":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"produce":[153],"more":[154],"complete":[155],"especially":[158],"when":[159],"faced":[160],"scenarios":[162],"involving":[163],"occluded":[164],"roads":[165],"or":[166],"complex":[167],"lighting":[168],"conditions.":[169],"On":[170],"Massachusetts":[172],"dataset,":[174,191,215],"PA,":[176,193,218],"F1":[177,194,219],"score,":[178,195,220],"IoU":[180,197,222],"reached":[181,198,223],"98%,":[182,199],"77%,":[183],"72%,":[185],"respectively.":[186,203,228],"Furthermore,":[187],"DeepGlobe":[190],"78%,":[200],"64%,":[202],"objective":[205],"performance":[206],"evaluation":[207],"indicators":[208],"also":[209],"significantly":[210],"improved":[211],"LSRV":[214],"96%,":[224],"82%,":[225],"71%,":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}