{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386795738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184492","title":"Automatic Identification of Earth Rock Embankment Piping Hazards in Small and Medium Rivers Based on UAV Thermal Infrared and Visible Images","display_name":"Automatic Identification of Earth Rock Embankment Piping Hazards in Small and Medium Rivers Based on UAV Thermal Infrared and Visible Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386795738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4492/pdf?version=1694527777","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4492/pdf?version=1694527777","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114626890","display_name":"Renzhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-3037"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renzhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-3037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001920708","display_name":"Zhonggen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-0727"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhonggen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063575002","display_name":"Hongquan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-3568"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongquan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007542168","display_name":"Shugui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-0035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shugui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geo-Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geo-Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033041477","display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7842"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069165069","display_name":"Jinping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-2876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","Hydraulics and Geotechnics Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-2876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydraulics and Geotechnics Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001920708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9869,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91536722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"4492","last_page":"4492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piping","display_name":"Piping","score":0.9707850217819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levee","display_name":"Levee","score":0.7017659544944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5746460556983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5061601996421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.41290831565856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.38020867109298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37538063526153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3518487215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.17406395077705383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779095084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3679502","display_name":"Piping","level":2,"score":0.9707850217819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115038398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105190","display_name":"Levee","level":2,"score":0.7017659544944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5746460556983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5061601996421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.41290831565856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38020867109298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37538063526153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3518487215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.17406395077705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4492/pdf?version=1694527777","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a9a895fa7c742fdb6cd322fecca3129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a9a895fa7c742fdb6cd322fecca3129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 4492 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4492/pdf?version=1694527777","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386795738.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533955188","https://openalex.org/W1587600672","https://openalex.org/W2047652678","https://openalex.org/W2097208041","https://openalex.org/W2116833850","https://openalex.org/W2122957213","https://openalex.org/W2127689818","https://openalex.org/W2170186417","https://openalex.org/W2184588656","https://openalex.org/W2187682756","https://openalex.org/W2393542977","https://openalex.org/W2484065175","https://openalex.org/W2501402073","https://openalex.org/W2580790428","https://openalex.org/W2589547048","https://openalex.org/W2883161770","https://openalex.org/W2887116847","https://openalex.org/W2897319235","https://openalex.org/W2906758140","https://openalex.org/W2922021721","https://openalex.org/W2944954104","https://openalex.org/W2955365692","https://openalex.org/W3018651684","https://openalex.org/W3023034607","https://openalex.org/W3094761124","https://openalex.org/W3126554984","https://openalex.org/W3156868334","https://openalex.org/W3179696258","https://openalex.org/W3209788778","https://openalex.org/W3215849234","https://openalex.org/W4200187710","https://openalex.org/W4200573285","https://openalex.org/W4213233220","https://openalex.org/W4285725626","https://openalex.org/W4289522446","https://openalex.org/W4291915060","https://openalex.org/W4293411918","https://openalex.org/W4296125094","https://openalex.org/W4312221979","https://openalex.org/W4367359503","https://openalex.org/W6681644622","https://openalex.org/W6687072471","https://openalex.org/W6775955120","https://openalex.org/W6805571145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2270495437","https://openalex.org/W3007525581","https://openalex.org/W2002970273","https://openalex.org/W2374906808","https://openalex.org/W1614521118","https://openalex.org/W2332864219","https://openalex.org/W2374836287","https://openalex.org/W2351444329","https://openalex.org/W2349995953","https://openalex.org/W1989518140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Piping":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,44],"major":[3],"factor":[4],"contributing":[5],"to":[6,93,108],"river":[7],"embankment":[8,26,137],"breaches,":[9],"particularly":[10],"during":[11,113],"flood":[12],"season":[13],"in":[14,50],"small":[15],"and":[16,34,38,56,61,75],"medium":[17],"rivers.":[18],"To":[19,97],"reduce":[20],"the":[21,29,36,54,79,99,102,114,118],"costs":[22],"of":[23,41,58,117],"earth":[24],"rock":[25],"inspections,":[27],"avoid":[28],"need":[30],"for":[31,88,135],"human":[32],"inspectors":[33],"enable":[35],"quick":[37],"widespread":[39],"detection":[40],"piping":[42,69,80,89,111,129],"hazards,":[43],"UAV":[45],"image-acquisition":[46],"function":[47],"was":[48,91,106],"introduced":[49],"this":[51,95],"study.":[52],"Through":[53],"collection":[55],"analysis":[57],"thermal":[59],"infrared":[60],"visible":[62],"(TIR":[63],"&":[64],"V)":[65],"images":[66],"from":[67],"several":[68],"field":[70],"simulation":[71],"experiments,":[72],"temperature":[73],"increases,":[74],"diffusion":[76],"centered":[77],"on":[78],"point":[81],"were":[82],"discovered,":[83],"so":[84],"an":[85],"automatic":[86,103],"algorithm":[87,105,124],"identification":[90,100,104],"developed":[92],"capture":[94],"phenomenon.":[96],"verify":[98],"capabilities,":[101],"applied":[107],"detect":[109],"potential":[110,134],"hazards":[112],"2022":[115],"flooding":[116],"Dingjialiu":[119],"River,":[120],"Liaoning,":[121],"China.":[122],"The":[123],"successfully":[125],"identified":[126],"all":[127],"five":[128],"hazard":[130],"locations,":[131],"demonstrating":[132],"its":[133],"detecting":[136],"piping.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}