{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386602158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184445","title":"Applying High-Resolution Satellite and UAS Imagery for Detecting Coldwater Inputs in Temperate Streams of the Iowa Driftless Region","display_name":"Applying High-Resolution Satellite and UAS Imagery for Detecting Coldwater Inputs in Temperate Streams of the Iowa Driftless Region","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386602158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4445/pdf?version=1694253531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4445/pdf?version=1694253531","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022797239","display_name":"Niti B. Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-7596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4657992","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013La Crosse","ror":"https://ror.org/00x8ccz20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4657992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niti B. Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography & Environmental Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA","River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography & Environmental Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4657992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4657992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003851522","display_name":"Michael J. Siepker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76109909","display_name":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/038b0hg50","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76109909"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Siepker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Decorah, IA 52101, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Decorah, IA 52101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76109909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104167404","display_name":"Greg Simmons","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76109909","display_name":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/038b0hg50","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76109909"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa Department of Natural Resources, 22693 205th Ave, Manchester, IA 52057, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources, 22693 205th Ave, Manchester, IA 52057, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76109909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022797239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4657992"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.725,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73139606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"4445","last_page":"4445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12319","display_name":"Fish Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streams","display_name":"STREAMS","score":0.7605822086334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6418484449386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.6097649335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5648086071014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4855756163597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riparian-zone","display_name":"Riparian zone","score":0.45279890298843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.44428104162216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26503288745880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23702895641326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2314942479133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.17487254738807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14053243398666382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42090638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048907","display_name":"STREAMS","level":2,"score":0.7605822086334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6418484449386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.6097649335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5648086071014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4855756163597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13360049","display_name":"Riparian zone","level":3,"score":0.45279890298843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.44428104162216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26503288745880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23702895641326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2314942479133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17487254738807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14053243398666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4445/pdf?version=1694253531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47d8567075d34e54a030561326ae6849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47d8567075d34e54a030561326ae6849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 4445 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/18/4445/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15184445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4445/pdf?version=1694253531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311090","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333148","display_name":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/038b0hg50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386602158.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487033807","https://openalex.org/W1554925870","https://openalex.org/W1981559306","https://openalex.org/W1987374209","https://openalex.org/W1989224632","https://openalex.org/W1990029115","https://openalex.org/W2001030098","https://openalex.org/W2023318854","https://openalex.org/W2035682098","https://openalex.org/W2049787226","https://openalex.org/W2065521939","https://openalex.org/W2077623913","https://openalex.org/W2110945655","https://openalex.org/W2138219239","https://openalex.org/W2146249434","https://openalex.org/W2152469935","https://openalex.org/W2166809604","https://openalex.org/W2255050781","https://openalex.org/W2728332558","https://openalex.org/W2747703072","https://openalex.org/W2803941375","https://openalex.org/W2806061227","https://openalex.org/W2903689188","https://openalex.org/W2904172222","https://openalex.org/W2907901412","https://openalex.org/W2910237538","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912636832","https://openalex.org/W2966328029","https://openalex.org/W2990155009","https://openalex.org/W3018952706","https://openalex.org/W3032001386","https://openalex.org/W3082347420","https://openalex.org/W3128121254","https://openalex.org/W3128983214","https://openalex.org/W3139467557","https://openalex.org/W3147720373","https://openalex.org/W3153263518","https://openalex.org/W4211220917","https://openalex.org/W4245386710","https://openalex.org/W4252353671","https://openalex.org/W4255843868","https://openalex.org/W4283364374","https://openalex.org/W4285014072","https://openalex.org/W4308934088","https://openalex.org/W4318483124","https://openalex.org/W4381685483","https://openalex.org/W6808707392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515426560","https://openalex.org/W3140255915","https://openalex.org/W3048190460","https://openalex.org/W2188728450","https://openalex.org/W2008285557","https://openalex.org/W2051848460","https://openalex.org/W2016179423","https://openalex.org/W2100486445","https://openalex.org/W2187666150","https://openalex.org/W2588158318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coldwater":[0,44],"streams":[1,25,45,85,153,157,222,264],"are":[2,14,266],"crucial":[3],"habitats":[4],"for":[5,28,218],"many":[6],"biota":[7],"including":[8],"Salmonidae":[9],"and":[10,32,41,75,106,120,134,163,175,189,199,223,231,237,240,251,282,289,295,307],"Cottidae":[11],"species":[12],"that":[13,98,158,265],"unable":[15],"to":[16,81,100,111,125,166,205,247,285,299,304],"tolerate":[17],"warmer":[18],"water":[19,235],"temperatures.":[20],"Accurate":[21],"classification":[22,88,118,130],"of":[23,37,70,254,262,274,291,309],"coldwater":[24,84,104,152,170,209,263,292,310],"is":[26,215,278],"essential":[27],"their":[29],"conservation,":[30],"restoration,":[31],"management,":[33],"especially":[34],"in":[35,102,114],"light":[36],"increasing":[38],"human":[39],"disturbance":[40],"climate":[42],"change.":[43],"receive":[46],"cooler":[47],"groundwater":[48],"inputs":[49],"and,":[50],"as":[51,169,269],"a":[52,279],"result,":[53],"typically":[54],"remain":[55],"ice-free":[56],"during":[57],"the":[58,68,95,109,149,161,226,287],"winter.":[59],"Based":[60],"on":[61],"this":[62],"empirical":[63],"thermal":[64,116,162],"evidence,":[65],"we":[66],"examined":[67],"potential":[69],"very":[71,220],"high-resolution":[72],"(VHR)":[73],"satellite":[74,232],"uncrewed":[76],"aerial":[77],"system":[78],"(UAS)":[79],"imagery":[80,146,214,276],"(i)":[82],"detect":[83,286],"using":[86],"semi-automatic":[87],"versus":[89],"visual":[90,140,272],"interpretation":[91,141,273],"approaches,":[92],"(ii)":[93],"examine":[94],"physical":[96],"factors":[97],"contribute":[99],"inaccuracies":[101,113],"detecting":[103],"habitats,":[105],"(iii)":[107],"use":[108],"results":[110],"identify":[112],"existing":[115],"stream":[117,174,179,185,238,293],"datasets":[119],"recommend":[121],"coverage":[122],"updates.":[123],"Due":[124],"complex":[126],"site":[127,176],"conditions,":[128],"semi-automated":[129],"was":[131],"time":[132],"consuming":[133],"produced":[135,142],"low":[136],"mapping":[137,219],"accuracy,":[138],"while":[139,154],"better":[143],"results.":[144,257],"VHR":[145,275],"detected":[147,259],"only":[148],"highest":[150],"quality":[151,156,193],"lower":[155],"still":[159],"met":[160],"biological":[164],"criteria":[165],"be":[167,245,297],"classified":[168],"remained":[171],"undetected.":[172],"Complex":[173],"variables":[177],"(narrow":[178],"width,":[180],"canopy":[181],"cover,":[182],"terrain":[183],"shadow,":[184],"covered":[186],"by":[187],"ice":[188],"drifting":[190],"snow),":[191],"image":[192,206],"(spatial":[194],"resolution,":[195],"solar":[196],"elevation":[197],"angle),":[198],"environmental":[200],"conditions":[201],"(ambient":[202],"temperature":[203],"prior":[204],"acquisition)":[207],"make":[208],"detection":[210],"challenging;":[211],"however,":[212],"UAS":[213],"uniquely":[216],"suited":[217],"narrow":[221],"can":[224],"bridge":[225],"gap":[227],"between":[228],"field":[229,301],"data":[230],"imagery.":[233],"Field-collected":[234],"temperatures":[236],"habitat":[239],"fish":[241],"community":[242],"inventories":[243],"may":[244],"necessary":[246],"overcome":[248],"these":[249],"challenges":[250],"allow":[252],"validation":[253],"remote":[255],"sensing":[256],"We":[258],"&gt;30":[260],"km":[261],"currently":[267],"misclassified":[268],"warmwater.":[270],"Overall,":[271],"it":[277],"relatively":[280],"quick":[281],"inexpensive":[283],"approach":[284],"location":[288,306],"extent":[290,308],"resources":[294],"could":[296],"used":[298],"develop":[300],"monitoring":[302],"programs":[303],"confirm":[305],"aquatic":[311],"resources.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
