{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386525580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184409","title":"Finding Misclassified Natura 2000 Habitats by Applying Outlier Detection to Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data","display_name":"Finding Misclassified Natura 2000 Habitats by Applying Outlier Detection to Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386525580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184409","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4409/pdf?version=1694160600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4409/pdf?version=1694160600","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014769928","display_name":"David Moravec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4348-2815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205984670","display_name":"Czech University of Life Sciences Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/0415vcw02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Moravec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029210558","display_name":"Vojt\u011bch Bart\u00e1k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-1290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205984670","display_name":"Czech University of Life Sciences Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/0415vcw02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vojt\u011bch Bart\u00e1k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009554304","display_name":"Petra \u0160\u00edmov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205984670","display_name":"Czech University of Life Sciences Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/0415vcw02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Petra \u0160\u00edmov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009554304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79122309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"4409","last_page":"4409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natura-2000","display_name":"Natura 2000","score":0.8524500131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.6862540245056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitats-directive","display_name":"Habitats Directive","score":0.589712917804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.5535276532173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5479455590248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5001895427703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.434123694896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.4204787611961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.36461031436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.35969048738479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3579111099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2819221615791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2730879783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09734606742858887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780815956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503021","display_name":"Natura 2000","level":3,"score":0.8524500131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.6862540245056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777961954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759874","display_name":"Habitats Directive","level":3,"score":0.589712917804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.5535276532173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5479455590248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5001895427703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.434123694896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4204787611961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.36461031436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35969048738479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3579111099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2819221615791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2730879783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09734606742858887}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184409","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4409/pdf?version=1694160600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8211f2d7995a40b381fac9c150a11854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8211f2d7995a40b381fac9c150a11854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 4409 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/18/4409/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15184409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184409","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4409/pdf?version=1694160600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386525580.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1612388491","https://openalex.org/W1850971971","https://openalex.org/W1982366717","https://openalex.org/W1994938141","https://openalex.org/W2032046865","https://openalex.org/W2036367059","https://openalex.org/W2065693747","https://openalex.org/W2076475556","https://openalex.org/W2086060411","https://openalex.org/W2113656029","https://openalex.org/W2120146794","https://openalex.org/W2126036740","https://openalex.org/W2130887802","https://openalex.org/W2134857847","https://openalex.org/W2149580466","https://openalex.org/W2168964286","https://openalex.org/W2548049441","https://openalex.org/W2750585339","https://openalex.org/W2770532258","https://openalex.org/W2782309306","https://openalex.org/W2800518941","https://openalex.org/W2806898976","https://openalex.org/W2883925605","https://openalex.org/W2898152330","https://openalex.org/W2924764611","https://openalex.org/W3018327322","https://openalex.org/W3033783535","https://openalex.org/W3084137768","https://openalex.org/W3157928789","https://openalex.org/W3174408035","https://openalex.org/W3201982122","https://openalex.org/W4206396276","https://openalex.org/W4206653012","https://openalex.org/W4243563432","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4313361740","https://openalex.org/W4322772371","https://openalex.org/W4367186506","https://openalex.org/W6648852874","https://openalex.org/W6669813070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2485246662","https://openalex.org/W2736003034","https://openalex.org/W2774178603","https://openalex.org/W4254873688","https://openalex.org/W2345256722","https://openalex.org/W3017150900","https://openalex.org/W3115801774","https://openalex.org/W2082596517","https://openalex.org/W2187988125","https://openalex.org/W4250731939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101,197,228],"monitoring":[1],"of":[2,17,24,41,46,121,128,150,157,212,242,257],"Natura":[3,25,47,137,243],"2000":[4,26,48,138,244],"habitats":[5,27,86],"(Habitat":[6],"Directive":[7],"92/43/EEC)":[8],"is":[9,28,36,261],"a":[10,81,155,165,218,236],"key":[11],"activity":[12],"ensuring":[13],"the":[14,22,44,60,92,104,110,118,135,147,174,202,207,255],"sufficient":[15],"protection":[16],"European":[18],"biodiversity.":[19],"Reporting":[20],"on":[21,43],"status":[23,45],"required":[29],"every":[30],"6":[31],"years.":[32],"Although":[33],"field":[34,93,240],"mapping":[35,94,107,252],"still":[37],"an":[38,69,75,129],"indispensable":[39],"source":[40],"data":[42,54,162],"habitats,":[49],"and":[50,125,159,178,191],"very":[51],"good":[52],"field-based":[53,61,142],"exist":[55],"in":[56,117,194],"some":[57],"countries,":[58],"keeping":[59],"habitat":[62,106,131,143,151,245],"maps":[63,246],"up":[64],"to":[65,238],"date":[66],"can":[67],"be":[68,233],"issue.":[70],"Remote":[71],"sensing":[72],"techniques":[73],"represent":[74],"excellent":[76],"alternative.":[77],"Here,":[78],"we":[79,153],"present":[80],"new":[82],"method":[83,102,230],"for":[84,221,248],"detecting":[85],"that":[87,96],"were":[88],"likely":[89],"misclassified":[90],"during":[91],"or":[95,225,247,259],"have":[97],"changed":[98,226],"since":[99],"then.":[100],"identifies":[103],"possible":[105],"errors":[108],"as":[109,141,217,235],"so-called":[111],"\u201cattribute":[112],"outliers\u201d,":[113],"i.e.,":[114],"outlying":[115],"observations":[116],"feature":[119,148],"space":[120,149],"all":[122],"relevant":[123],"(spectral":[124],"other)":[126],"characteristics":[127],"individual":[130],"patch.":[132],"We":[133,169],"used":[134,154,234],"Czech":[136],"Habitat":[139],"Layer":[140],"data.":[144],"To":[145],"prepare":[146],"characteristics,":[152],"fusion":[156],"Sentinel-1":[158],"Sentinel-2":[160],"satellite":[161],"along":[163],"with":[164],"Digital":[166],"Elevation":[167],"Model.":[168],"compared":[170],"outlier":[171],"ratings":[172],"using":[173,182],"robust":[175],"Mahalanobis":[176,198],"distance":[177,199],"Local":[179],"Outlier":[180],"Factor":[181],"three":[183],"different":[184],"thresholds":[185],"(Tukey":[186],"rule,":[187,190],"histogram-based":[188],"Scott\u2019s":[189],"95%":[192,203],"quantiles":[193],"\u03c72":[195,204],"distribution).":[196],"thresholded":[200],"by":[201],"quantile":[205],"achieved":[206],"best":[208],"results,":[209],"and,":[210],"because":[211],"its":[213],"high":[214],"specificity,":[215],"appeared":[216],"promising":[219],"tool":[220],"identifying":[222],"erroneously":[223],"mapped":[224],"habitats.":[227],"presented":[229],"can,":[231],"therefore,":[232],"guide":[237],"target":[239],"updates":[241],"other":[249],"habitat/land":[250],"cover":[251],"activities":[253],"where":[254],"detection":[256],"misclassifications":[258],"changes":[260],"needed.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
