{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386525261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184407","title":"Synthetic Forest Stands and Point Clouds for Model Selection and Feature Space Comparison","display_name":"Synthetic Forest Stands and Point Clouds for Model Selection and Feature Space Comparison","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386525261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4407/pdf?version=1694080947","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4407/pdf?version=1694080947","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053881306","display_name":"Michelle S. Bester","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michelle S. Bester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085820343","display_name":"Aaron E. Maxwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-5599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron E. Maxwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080399869","display_name":"Isaac Nealey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Nealey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087026819","display_name":"Michael R. Gallagher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0175-558X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107718","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, New Lisbon, NJ 08064, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, New Lisbon, NJ 08064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076783908","display_name":"Nicholas S. Skowronski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-5614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107718","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas S. Skowronski","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003097403","display_name":"Brenden E. McNeil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-8383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brenden E. McNeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053881306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4858,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60509279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"4407","last_page":"4407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.786990761756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7088801860809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6915026307106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6459449529647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.597396194934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5962653160095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.5295280814170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5006833076477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.49232375621795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.48682349920272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.4820764660835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48113858699798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.47157707810401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.46269047260284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.45556023716926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43148571252822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.42519938945770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.419243186712265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2057538628578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15506881475448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.10821884870529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.10444071888923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.08323818445205688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.786990761756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7088801860809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6915026307106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6459449529647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.597396194934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5962653160095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5295280814170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5006833076477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.49232375621795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48682349920272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4820764660835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48113858699798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.47157707810401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.46269047260284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.45556023716926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43148571252822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.42519938945770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.419243186712265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2057538628578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15506881475448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.10821884870529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.10444071888923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.08323818445205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4407/pdf?version=1694080947","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e02d5ea5b47f441a8be6342bdc19f615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e02d5ea5b47f441a8be6342bdc19f615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 4407 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/18/4407/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15184407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15184407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4407/pdf?version=1694080947","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1498825318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2040676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","funder_display_name":"Northern Research Station"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1817078980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20-JV-11242306-069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3285866178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2040676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4731938471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F21AC02192-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332182","funder_display_name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7195104399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F21AC02192-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","funder_display_name":"Northern Research Station"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8580688603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20-JV-11242306-069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","funder_display_name":"Northern Research Station"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8736233366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"124230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332182","display_name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7dar27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386525261.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W429766147","https://openalex.org/W1571801203","https://openalex.org/W1964011242","https://openalex.org/W1964996721","https://openalex.org/W1974238999","https://openalex.org/W1988405959","https://openalex.org/W2000886223","https://openalex.org/W2009530383","https://openalex.org/W2019126302","https://openalex.org/W2022795141","https://openalex.org/W2025401351","https://openalex.org/W2040383628","https://openalex.org/W2050161380","https://openalex.org/W2052438412","https://openalex.org/W2081705281","https://openalex.org/W2085520997","https://openalex.org/W2092719214","https://openalex.org/W2103273531","https://openalex.org/W2104845516","https://openalex.org/W2129070267","https://openalex.org/W2131258618","https://openalex.org/W2133160971","https://openalex.org/W2151549592","https://openalex.org/W2155260804","https://openalex.org/W2157395790","https://openalex.org/W2157912881","https://openalex.org/W2160760267","https://openalex.org/W2170591795","https://openalex.org/W2172170820","https://openalex.org/W2194689354","https://openalex.org/W2218047931","https://openalex.org/W2218818542","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2291524060","https://openalex.org/W2336902283","https://openalex.org/W2482464033","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2492422582","https://openalex.org/W2497320330","https://openalex.org/W2507973586","https://openalex.org/W2560074925","https://openalex.org/W2612949972","https://openalex.org/W2717231243","https://openalex.org/W2738263535","https://openalex.org/W2793927960","https://openalex.org/W2803921148","https://openalex.org/W2810927599","https://openalex.org/W2896680712","https://openalex.org/W2907127092","https://openalex.org/W2913142421","https://openalex.org/W2953421574","https://openalex.org/W3003409034","https://openalex.org/W3008705442","https://openalex.org/W3088292472","https://openalex.org/W3088507381","https://openalex.org/W3102027041","https://openalex.org/W3139040491","https://openalex.org/W3149497396","https://openalex.org/W3155141959","https://openalex.org/W3157504330","https://openalex.org/W3159299770","https://openalex.org/W3188839466","https://openalex.org/W3205436768","https://openalex.org/W3207125401","https://openalex.org/W3215504774","https://openalex.org/W3216298311","https://openalex.org/W4200391419","https://openalex.org/W4200489231","https://openalex.org/W4206976528","https://openalex.org/W4226310235","https://openalex.org/W4292068842","https://openalex.org/W4294168417","https://openalex.org/W4296106520","https://openalex.org/W4311364944","https://openalex.org/W4384694844","https://openalex.org/W4399611165","https://openalex.org/W6600443243","https://openalex.org/W6602876776","https://openalex.org/W6678954954","https://openalex.org/W6740647085","https://openalex.org/W6813585827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3027020613","https://openalex.org/W2016533837","https://openalex.org/W3167885074","https://openalex.org/W2892386716","https://openalex.org/W4306164210","https://openalex.org/W1998563493","https://openalex.org/W2110308804","https://openalex.org/W1983936910","https://openalex.org/W3097107142","https://openalex.org/W1965597456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66],"challenges":[1],"inherent":[2],"in":[3],"field":[4,145],"validation":[5,146],"data,":[6,147],"and":[7,11,40,57,70,139,143,160],"real-world":[8],"light":[9],"detection":[10],"ranging":[12],"(lidar)":[13],"collections":[14],"make":[15],"it":[16],"difficult":[17],"to":[18,26,100,136,157],"assess":[19],"the":[20,34,47,88,97,115,127],"best":[21,61],"algorithms":[22,75],"for":[23,46,81],"using":[24,103,120],"lidar":[25],"characterize":[27,62,101],"forest":[28,38,63,68],"stand":[29,64],"volume.":[30,65],"Here,":[31],"we":[32,148],"demonstrate":[33],"use":[35],"of":[36,49,87,94,118,129,134,140],"synthetic":[37,151],"stands":[39],"simulated":[41],"terrestrial":[42],"laser":[43],"scanning":[44,55],"(TLS)":[45],"purpose":[48],"evaluating":[50],"which":[51],"machine":[52,73],"learning":[53],"algorithms,":[54],"configurations,":[56],"feature":[58,90],"spaces":[59],"can":[60],"random":[67],"(RF)":[69],"support":[71],"vector":[72],"(SVM)":[74],"generally":[76,106],"outperformed":[77],"k-nearest":[78],"neighbor":[79],"(kNN)":[80],"estimating":[82],"plot-level":[83],"vegetation":[84],"volume":[85],"regardless":[86],"input":[89],"space":[91],"or":[92],"number":[93,133],"scans.":[95],"Also,":[96],"measures":[98,112],"designed":[99],"occlusion":[102],"spherical":[104],"voxels":[105],"provided":[107],"higher":[108],"predictive":[109],"performance":[110],"than":[111],"that":[113,150],"characterized":[114],"vertical":[116],"distribution":[117],"returns":[119],"summary":[121],"statistics":[122],"by":[123],"height":[124],"bins.":[125],"Given":[126],"difficulty":[128],"collecting":[130,141],"a":[131],"large":[132],"scans":[135],"train":[137],"models,":[138],"accurate":[142],"consistent":[144],"argue":[149],"data":[152],"offer":[153],"an":[154],"important":[155],"means":[156],"parameterize":[158],"models":[159],"determine":[161],"appropriate":[162],"sampling":[163],"strategies.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}