{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386417871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174345","title":"Multi-Source Precipitation Data Merging for High-Resolution Daily Rainfall in Complex Terrain","display_name":"Multi-Source Precipitation Data Merging for High-Resolution Daily Rainfall in Complex Terrain","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386417871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4345/pdf?version=1693806818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4345/pdf?version=1693806818","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079623110","display_name":"Zhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-842X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100663938","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-2840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Meteorological Administration Radar Meteorology Key Laboratory, Nanjing 210000, China","College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Meteorological Administration Radar Meteorology Key Laboratory, Nanjing 210000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090504014","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5700-1966"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Atmospheric Sounding Technology Support Center, Yunnan Meteorological Bureau, Kunming 650034, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Atmospheric Sounding Technology Support Center, Yunnan Meteorological Bureau, Kunming 650034, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058930904","display_name":"Qiangyu Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-2790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiangyu Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103730024","display_name":"Jie Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421220","display_name":"Zhihao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-8109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704453","display_name":"Rong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100663938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092","https://openalex.org/I24201400"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9942,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9111135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"17","first_page":"4345","last_page":"4345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.7281646132469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.6514401435852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5477355122566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5124109387397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.48997440934181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4892432689666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.4515019953250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.44847604632377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40135642886161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.34387558698654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17827478051185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.125270277261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11593246459960938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7281646132469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6514401435852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5477355122566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5124109387397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.48997440934181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4892432689666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.4515019953250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.44847604632377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40135642886161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.34387558698654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17827478051185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.125270277261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11593246459960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4345/pdf?version=1693806818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d96affcc83414e3698baa473fce8b8b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d96affcc83414e3698baa473fce8b8b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 4345 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/17/4345/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4345/pdf?version=1693806818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321569","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331771","display_name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","ror":"https://ror.org/014w0fd65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334900","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386417871.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1119817288","https://openalex.org/W1967765378","https://openalex.org/W1968510506","https://openalex.org/W1985817749","https://openalex.org/W1991119582","https://openalex.org/W2047120335","https://openalex.org/W2062698821","https://openalex.org/W2086998843","https://openalex.org/W2116149712","https://openalex.org/W2143357393","https://openalex.org/W2146462674","https://openalex.org/W2148169128","https://openalex.org/W2191985424","https://openalex.org/W2366033664","https://openalex.org/W2376916913","https://openalex.org/W2582418194","https://openalex.org/W2689045665","https://openalex.org/W2775321046","https://openalex.org/W2789329162","https://openalex.org/W2793054880","https://openalex.org/W2805187526","https://openalex.org/W2806076089","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2934256928","https://openalex.org/W2956359150","https://openalex.org/W2970833575","https://openalex.org/W3003295756","https://openalex.org/W3005197680","https://openalex.org/W3005813145","https://openalex.org/W3019687173","https://openalex.org/W3042012660","https://openalex.org/W3115873453","https://openalex.org/W3141116480","https://openalex.org/W3153055105","https://openalex.org/W3168421577","https://openalex.org/W3189573605","https://openalex.org/W3205379283","https://openalex.org/W3206790835","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4224949061","https://openalex.org/W4282929069","https://openalex.org/W4282963590","https://openalex.org/W4292551447","https://openalex.org/W4292553582","https://openalex.org/W4295995787","https://openalex.org/W4321788576","https://openalex.org/W4323925828","https://openalex.org/W4379795797","https://openalex.org/W6770461272","https://openalex.org/W6781211897","https://openalex.org/W6799483879","https://openalex.org/W6839134099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399671601","https://openalex.org/W1992962589","https://openalex.org/W3032871857","https://openalex.org/W1743191351","https://openalex.org/W3104633800","https://openalex.org/W2069184433","https://openalex.org/W3023567978","https://openalex.org/W2357280943","https://openalex.org/W2808110264","https://openalex.org/W2894181464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,144],"developed":[2],"a":[3,15,34,43,99,146,156],"satellite,":[4],"reanalysis,":[5],"and":[6,56,75,154,176],"gauge":[7,108],"data":[8,67,153],"merging":[9,30,87,91,118,131,150],"model":[10],"for":[11,78,149],"daily-scale":[12],"analysis":[13],"using":[14,50],"random":[16],"forest":[17],"algorithm":[18],"in":[19,72,85,98,125,136,170],"Sichuan":[20],"province,":[21],"characterized":[22,172],"by":[23,173],"complex":[24,174],"terrain.":[25],"A":[26],"high-precision":[27,166],"daily":[28,167],"precipitation":[29,103,152,168],"dataset":[31,49,95],"(MSMP)":[32],"with":[33,107,120],"spatial":[35],"resolution":[36],"of":[37,46,102,142,164],"0.1\u00b0":[38],"was":[39],"successfully":[40],"generated.":[41],"Through":[42],"comprehensive":[44],"evaluation":[45],"the":[47,58,69,73,81,86,90,117,126,130,162],"MSMP":[48],"various":[51],"indices":[52],"across":[53],"different":[54],"periods":[55],"regions,":[57],"following":[59],"findings":[60],"were":[61],"obtained:":[62],"(1)":[63],"GPM-IMERG":[64],"satellite":[65],"observation":[66],"exhibited":[68],"highest":[70],"performance":[71],"region":[74],"proved":[76],"suitable":[77],"inclusion":[79],"as":[80],"initial":[82],"background":[83],"field":[84],"experiment;":[88],"(2)":[89],"experiment":[92],"significantly":[93],"enhanced":[94],"accuracy,":[96],"resulting":[97],"spatiotemporal":[100],"distribution":[101],"that":[104],"better":[105],"aligned":[106],"data;":[109],"(3)":[110],"topographic":[111],"factors":[112],"exerted":[113],"certain":[114],"influences":[115],"on":[116],"test,":[119],"greater":[121],"accuracy":[122],"improvements":[123],"observed":[124],"plain":[127],"region,":[128],"while":[129],"test":[132],"demonstrated":[133],"unstable":[134],"effects":[135],"higher":[137],"elevated":[138],"areas.":[139],"The":[140],"results":[141],"this":[143],"present":[145],"practical":[147],"approach":[148],"multi-source":[151],"provide":[155],"novel":[157],"research":[158],"perspective":[159],"to":[160],"address":[161],"challenge":[163],"constructing":[165],"datasets":[169],"regions":[171],"terrain":[175],"limited":[177],"observational":[178],"coverage.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
