{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386417865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174330","title":"Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: Analysis of Different Feature Selection Techniques with Artificial Neural Network Tuned by Bayesian and Metaheuristic Algorithms","display_name":"Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: Analysis of Different Feature Selection Techniques with Artificial Neural Network Tuned by Bayesian and Metaheuristic Algorithms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386417865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174330","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4330/pdf?version=1693802332","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4330/pdf?version=1693802332","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083379287","display_name":"Farkhanda Abbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farkhanda Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083379287","display_name":"Farkhanda Abbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farkhanda Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061762809","display_name":"Feng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-4058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fazila Abbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I236232284","display_name":"Karakoram International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324r4e56","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fazila Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fazila Abbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazila Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032475663","display_name":"Muhammad Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I236232284","display_name":"Karakoram International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324r4e56","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002380979","display_name":"Javed Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9167-059X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I236232284","display_name":"Karakoram International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324r4e56","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javed Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","School of Geography, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040690942","display_name":"Dostdar Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-7622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I236232284","display_name":"Karakoram International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324r4e56","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dostdar Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan","Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024010164","display_name":"Garee Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6768-5735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I236232284","display_name":"Karakoram International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324r4e56","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garee Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan","Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236232284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051849096","display_name":"Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-6656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036536132","display_name":"Mohammed Fahad Albeshr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-1846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Fahad Albeshr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083379287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236232284","https://openalex.org/I3124059619","https://openalex.org/I61623833"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":11.923,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98434605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"17","first_page":"4330","last_page":"4330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7201696038246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6478242874145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6178168654441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.552341639995575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4846799671649933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.47762078046798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.4771506190299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40693676471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3845667541027069}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7201696038246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6478242874145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6178168654441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.552341639995575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4846799671649933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.47762078046798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.4771506190299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40693676471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3845667541027069}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174330","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4330/pdf?version=1693802332","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39cbcd1097a94ee988ab27ddcbc2f8b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39cbcd1097a94ee988ab27ddcbc2f8b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 4330 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/17/4330/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174330","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4330/pdf?version=1693802332","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8239988234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Riyadh","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8296758755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2023R218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386417865.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58574073","https://openalex.org/W1581066146","https://openalex.org/W1887471956","https://openalex.org/W1971537522","https://openalex.org/W1974771415","https://openalex.org/W1975492373","https://openalex.org/W1977177161","https://openalex.org/W1991426267","https://openalex.org/W2006010700","https://openalex.org/W2014739224","https://openalex.org/W2023545276","https://openalex.org/W2024910601","https://openalex.org/W2048509079","https://openalex.org/W2054132868","https://openalex.org/W2059332919","https://openalex.org/W2090344261","https://openalex.org/W2115468278","https://openalex.org/W2116640126","https://openalex.org/W2124195644","https://openalex.org/W2128361547","https://openalex.org/W2128552148","https://openalex.org/W2134567940","https://openalex.org/W2142256019","https://openalex.org/W2143879657","https://openalex.org/W2144745759","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2155482699","https://openalex.org/W2157371713","https://openalex.org/W2159772142","https://openalex.org/W2170423728","https://openalex.org/W2185229317","https://openalex.org/W2529207891","https://openalex.org/W2548869838","https://openalex.org/W2559420668","https://openalex.org/W2767363635","https://openalex.org/W2833435107","https://openalex.org/W2891027816","https://openalex.org/W2923220677","https://openalex.org/W3042640262","https://openalex.org/W3094019951","https://openalex.org/W3102423136","https://openalex.org/W3128383253","https://openalex.org/W3175871794","https://openalex.org/W4205416355","https://openalex.org/W4210638138","https://openalex.org/W4214871172","https://openalex.org/W4289827712","https://openalex.org/W4311701705","https://openalex.org/W4382049207","https://openalex.org/W4383741708","https://openalex.org/W4385445495","https://openalex.org/W6602395074","https://openalex.org/W6634833660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295309597","https://openalex.org/W4323894855","https://openalex.org/W4210794429","https://openalex.org/W4223456145","https://openalex.org/W4309113015","https://openalex.org/W3199608561","https://openalex.org/W4385445495","https://openalex.org/W2392110728","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W3013823630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,160,175,198,307,370,401],"most":[1,149,358],"frequent":[2],"and":[3,30,44,118,134,146,165,192,200,210,217,230,276,326,337,395,398,436,455],"noticeable":[4],"natural":[5,56],"calamity":[6],"in":[7,46,94,98,214,253,283,343,426,462],"the":[8,99,106,147,166,179,186,224,264,273,279,294,303,335,357,368,411,420,427,442,446,453,463],"Karakoram":[9,19,304],"region":[10],"is":[11,34,84,259],"landslides.":[12],"Extreme":[13],"landslides":[14,53,145],"have":[15],"occurred":[16],"frequently":[17],"along":[18,302,367,419],"Highway,":[20],"particularly":[21],"during":[22],"monsoons,":[23],"causing":[24],"a":[25,39,95,157,373],"major":[26,82],"loss":[27],"of":[28,101,108,202,255,266,278,339,376,403,429,448,457,465],"life":[29],"property.":[31],"Therefore,":[32],"it":[33,218,258],"necessary":[35],"to":[36,41,48,52,85,155,171,233,241,251,261,292,333,355,364,445],"look":[37],"for":[38,90,205,227,298,384],"solution":[40],"increase":[42],"growth":[43],"vigilance":[45],"order":[47],"lessen":[49],"losses":[50],"related":[51],"caused":[54],"by":[55,189,451],"disasters.":[57],"By":[58,347],"utilizing":[59],"contemporary":[60],"technologies,":[61],"an":[62,109],"early":[63],"warning":[64],"system":[65],"might":[66],"be":[67],"developed.":[68],"Artificial":[69],"neural":[70,111],"networks":[71],"(ANNs)":[72],"are":[73,195],"widely":[74],"used":[75],"nowadays":[76],"across":[77],"many":[78],"industries.":[79],"This":[80,243],"paper\u2019s":[81],"goal":[83],"provide":[86,407],"new":[87],"integrative":[88],"models":[89,161],"assessing":[91,396],"landslide":[92,206,299,345,365,417,431,466],"susceptibility":[93,173,208,300,418,467],"prone":[96],"area":[97,177],"north":[100],"Pakistan.":[102],"To":[103],"achieve":[104],"this,":[105],"training":[107],"artificial":[110],"network":[112],"(ANN)":[113],"was":[114,219],"supervised":[115],"using":[116],"metaheuristic":[117,193],"Bayesian":[119,129,135,191],"techniques:":[120],"Particle":[121],"Swarm":[122],"Optimization":[123,130,136],"(PSO)":[124],"algorithm,":[125],"Genetic":[126],"algorithm":[127],"(GA),":[128],"Gaussian":[131],"Process":[132],"(BO_GP),":[133],"Tree-structured":[137],"Parzen":[138],"Estimator":[139],"(BO_TPE).":[140],"In":[141],"total,":[142],"304":[143],"previous":[144],"eight":[148,288],"prevalent":[150],"conditioning":[151],"elements":[152],"were":[153,162,169,212,235],"combined":[154],"form":[156],"geospatial":[158,295,341,360,413,449],"database.":[159],"hyperparameter":[163],"optimized,":[164],"best":[167],"ones":[168],"employed":[170],"generate":[172],"maps.":[174],"obtained":[176],"under":[178],"curve":[180],"(AUC)":[181],"accuracy":[182],"index":[183],"demonstrated":[184],"that":[185,223,245,263,362],"maps":[187],"produced":[188],"both":[190],"algorithms":[194,291,308,330,371,461],"highly":[196],"accurate.":[197],"effectiveness":[199,456],"efficiency":[201],"applying":[203,348],"ANNs":[204],"mapping,":[207],"analysis,":[209],"forecasting":[211],"studied":[213],"this":[215,284,404],"research,":[216],"observed":[220],"from":[221,239],"experimentation":[222],"performance":[225,250],"differences":[226,268],"GA,":[228],"BO_GP,":[229],"PSO":[231],"compared":[232],"BO_TPE":[234,252],"relatively":[236],"small,":[237],"ranging":[238],"0.32%":[240],"1.84%.":[242],"suggests":[244],"these":[246,267,349],"techniques":[247],"achieved":[248],"comparable":[249],"terms":[254],"AUC.":[256],"However,":[257],"important":[260],"note":[262],"significance":[265,338],"can":[269,424],"vary":[270],"depending":[271],"on":[272],"specific":[274],"context":[275,464],"requirements":[277],"ML":[280],"task.":[281],"Additionally,":[282,441],"study,":[285],"we":[286,353],"explore":[287],"feature":[289,350,391,459],"selection":[290,351,460],"determine":[293],"variable":[296],"importance":[297],"mapping":[301],"Highway":[305],"(KKH).":[306],"considered":[309],"include":[310],"Information":[311],"Gain,":[312],"Variance":[313],"Inflation":[314],"Factor,":[315],"OneR":[316],"Classifier,":[317],"Subset":[318],"Evaluators,":[319],"principal":[320],"components,":[321],"Relief":[322],"Attribute":[323],"Evaluator,":[324],"correlation,":[325],"Symmetrical":[327],"Uncertainty.":[328],"These":[329,422],"enable":[331],"us":[332],"evaluate":[334],"relevance":[336],"different":[340],"variables":[342,361,414],"predicting":[344],"susceptibility.":[346],"algorithms,":[352],"aim":[354],"identify":[356],"influential":[359],"contribute":[363],"occurrences":[366],"KKH.":[369,421],"encompass":[372],"diverse":[374],"range":[375],"techniques,":[377],"such":[378],"as":[379],"measuring":[380],"entropy":[381],"reduction,":[382],"accounting":[383],"attribute":[385],"bias,":[386],"generating":[387],"single":[388],"rules,":[389],"evaluating":[390],"subsets,":[392],"reducing":[393],"dimensionality,":[394],"correlation":[397],"information":[399],"sharing.":[400],"findings":[402],"study":[405,443],"will":[406],"valuable":[408],"insights":[409,423],"into":[410],"critical":[412],"associated":[415],"with":[416],"aid":[425],"development":[428],"effective":[430],"mitigation":[432],"strategies,":[433],"infrastructure":[434],"planning,":[435],"targeted":[437],"hazard":[438],"management":[439],"efforts.":[440],"contributes":[444],"field":[447],"analysis":[450],"showcasing":[452],"applicability":[454],"various":[458],"mapping.":[468]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}