{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386372884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174319","title":"Optical Remote Sensing Ship Recognition and Classification Based on Improved YOLOv5","display_name":"Optical Remote Sensing Ship Recognition and Classification Based on Improved YOLOv5","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386372884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4319/pdf?version=1693569379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4319/pdf?version=1693569379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102931828","display_name":"Jun Jian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-1531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348291","display_name":"Long Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-4339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034120498","display_name":"Yingxiang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613367","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-6257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726978","display_name":"Jiaxuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-1330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","The Key Laboratory of Navigation Safety Guarantee, Dalian 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Navigation Safety Guarantee, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102931828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":12.2524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98008756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"17","first_page":"4319","last_page":"4319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7983567714691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5800368189811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5760709047317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5135493278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4954923391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.459117591381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4486614465713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4144189953804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3896005153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37902528047561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11525046825408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1116136908531189}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983567714691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5800368189811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5760709047317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5135493278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4954923391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.459117591381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4486614465713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4144189953804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3896005153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37902528047561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11525046825408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1116136908531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4319/pdf?version=1693569379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c696a17da6a946b5b12f8221b6e5472c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c696a17da6a946b5b12f8221b6e5472c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 4319 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/17/4319/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4319/pdf?version=1693569379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1365553905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42261144671","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G181633732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41725018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4354569699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"030602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8722534959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42030602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386372884.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2037451343","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2308318555","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W3000509019","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3098810090","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3129554782","https://openalex.org/W3163996247","https://openalex.org/W3193840806","https://openalex.org/W4205733649","https://openalex.org/W4214526461","https://openalex.org/W4224299412","https://openalex.org/W4225135483","https://openalex.org/W4226456028","https://openalex.org/W4281632004","https://openalex.org/W4283029931","https://openalex.org/W4308121881","https://openalex.org/W4310184712","https://openalex.org/W4310593159","https://openalex.org/W4317423761","https://openalex.org/W4318255578","https://openalex.org/W4322493938","https://openalex.org/W4353065795","https://openalex.org/W4365513629","https://openalex.org/W4372294561","https://openalex.org/W6806214301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397288865","https://openalex.org/W2368524271","https://openalex.org/W4247116873","https://openalex.org/W2576709312","https://openalex.org/W2023657818","https://openalex.org/W2392797073","https://openalex.org/W2384907669","https://openalex.org/W2373120800","https://openalex.org/W2372403409","https://openalex.org/W2061571973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,31,68,89,108,121,143,171,178],"the":[2,6,15,24,59,66,70,87,97,104,110,114,131,152,179,182,191],"special":[3],"characteristics":[4],"of":[5,11,18,72,99,134,154],"shooting":[7],"distance":[8],"and":[9,23,36,42,82,95,116,148,150,190],"angle":[10],"remote":[12],"sensing":[13],"satellites,":[14],"pixel":[16],"area":[17],"ship":[19,33,155],"targets":[20],"is":[21,27],"small,":[22],"feature":[25,93],"expression":[26],"insufficient,":[28],"which":[29],"leads":[30],"unsatisfactory":[32],"detection":[34,175],"performance":[35],"even":[37],"situations":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"missed":[41],"false":[43],"detection.":[44],"To":[45],"solve":[46],"these":[47],"problems,":[48],"this":[49],"paper":[50],"proposes":[51],"an":[52],"improved-YOLOv5":[53],"algorithm":[54],"mainly":[55],"including:":[56],"(1)":[57],"Add":[58],"Convolutional":[60],"Block":[61],"Attention":[62],"Module":[63],"(CBAM)":[64],"into":[65,86],"Backbone":[67],"enhance":[69],"extraction":[71],"target-adaptive":[73],"optimal":[74],"features;":[75],"(2)":[76],"Introduce":[77],"a":[78,137,164],"cross-layer":[79],"connection":[80],"channel":[81],"lightweight":[83],"GSConv":[84],"structures":[85],"Neck":[88],"achieve":[90],"higher-level":[91],"multi-scale":[92],"fusion":[94],"reduce":[96,144],"number":[98],"model":[100],"parameters;":[101],"(3)":[102],"Use":[103],"Wise-IoU":[105],"loss":[106,112],"function":[107],"calculate":[109],"localization":[111],"in":[113,125,167],"Output,":[115],"assign":[117],"reasonable":[118],"gradient":[119],"gains":[120],"cope":[122],"with":[123],"differences":[124],"image":[126],"quality.":[127],"In":[128],"addition,":[129],"during":[130],"preprocessing":[132],"stage":[133],"experimental":[135,158],"data,":[136],"median+bilateral":[138],"filter":[139],"method":[140],"was":[141],"used":[142],"interference":[145],"from":[146],"ripples":[147],"waves":[149],"highlight":[151],"information":[153],"features.":[156],"The":[157],"results":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"Improved-YOLOv5":[162],"has":[163],"significant":[165],"improvement":[166],"recognition":[168],"accuracy":[169],"compared":[170,177],"various":[172],"mainstream":[173],"target":[174],"algorithms;":[176],"original":[180],"YOLOv5s,":[181],"mean":[183],"Average":[184],"Precision":[185],"(mAP)":[186],"improved":[187],"by":[188,197],"3.2%":[189],"Frames":[192],"Per":[193],"Second":[194],"(FPN)":[195],"accelerated":[196],"8.7%.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}