{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386379929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174310","title":"Select Informative Samples for Night-Time Vehicle Detection Benchmark in Urban Scenes","display_name":"Select Informative Samples for Night-Time Vehicle Detection Benchmark in Urban Scenes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386379929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174310","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4310/pdf?version=1693551690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4310/pdf?version=1693551690","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411506","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016165460","display_name":"Xingyue Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-6139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyue Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092731528","display_name":"Baraa Al-Hassani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baraa Al-Hassani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051264473","display_name":"Chia\u2010Wen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-2318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Wen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Industrial Technology Research Institute, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Industrial Technology Research Institute, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049","https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696102","display_name":"Xin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-3669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100696102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3559,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59549316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"17","first_page":"4310","last_page":"4310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7871555089950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7047525644302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6088927388191223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.577975332736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5426381826400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5361416935920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5085967779159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.419297993183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.12346693873405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09515345096588135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7871555089950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7047525644302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6088927388191223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.577975332736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5426381826400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5361416935920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5085967779159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.419297993183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.12346693873405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09515345096588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174310","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4310/pdf?version=1693551690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a22a68e91f4c421c9d470b9971041bfa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a22a68e91f4c421c9d470b9971041bfa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 4310 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/17/4310/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174310","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4310/pdf?version=1693551690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2870525900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wuhan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4078050513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6126170064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6667938962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325431","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386379929.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2145717442","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2165065922","https://openalex.org/W2516210015","https://openalex.org/W2765877758","https://openalex.org/W2783822844","https://openalex.org/W2795812085","https://openalex.org/W2908973513","https://openalex.org/W2921271497","https://openalex.org/W2954578242","https://openalex.org/W2954593156","https://openalex.org/W2956371155","https://openalex.org/W2958609736","https://openalex.org/W2964340375","https://openalex.org/W2991461081","https://openalex.org/W3003490096","https://openalex.org/W3014754236","https://openalex.org/W3034624367","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3043357436","https://openalex.org/W3046327418","https://openalex.org/W3071068110","https://openalex.org/W3090671471","https://openalex.org/W3091149363","https://openalex.org/W3097161636","https://openalex.org/W3099651116","https://openalex.org/W3117892690","https://openalex.org/W3119685738","https://openalex.org/W3125782558","https://openalex.org/W3160015479","https://openalex.org/W3164282918","https://openalex.org/W3177386742","https://openalex.org/W3184557372","https://openalex.org/W3186903931","https://openalex.org/W3195624337","https://openalex.org/W3205184492","https://openalex.org/W3209419944","https://openalex.org/W3214677295","https://openalex.org/W3217804345","https://openalex.org/W4205317838","https://openalex.org/W4230649179","https://openalex.org/W4306759050","https://openalex.org/W4313030099","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6775493783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Night-time":[0],"vehicle":[1,26,60,99],"detection":[2,27,61,100,138],"plays":[3],"a":[4,58,87,98,136],"vital":[5],"role":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,108,145,149,166],"the":[9,55,110,120,142,154,159,173],"high":[10],"incidence":[11],"of":[12,79,89],"abnormal":[13],"events":[14],"in":[15,28,70,141],"our":[16],"daily":[17],"security":[18],"field.":[19],"However,":[20],"existing":[21],"studies":[22],"mainly":[23],"focus":[24],"on":[25,172],"autonomous":[29],"driving":[30],"and":[31,129,151,169],"traffic":[32],"intersection":[33],"scenes,":[34,45,66],"but":[35],"ignore":[36],"urban":[37,65],"scenes.":[38],"There":[39],"are":[40],"vast":[41],"differences":[42],"between":[43],"these":[44],"such":[46],"as":[47],"viewpoint,":[48],"position,":[49],"illumination,":[50],"etc.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,133],"paper,":[54],"authors":[56],"present":[57],"night-time":[59],"dataset":[62,77],"collected":[63],"from":[64],"named":[67],"Vehicle":[68],"Detection":[69],"Night-Time":[71],"Urban":[72],"Scene":[73],"(VD-NUS).":[74],"The":[75,113],"VD-NUS":[76,174],"consists":[78],"more":[80],"than":[81],"100":[82],"K":[83,92],"challenging":[84],"images,":[85],"comprising":[86],"total":[88],"about":[90],"500":[91],"labelled":[93],"vehicles.":[94],"This":[95],"paper":[96,134],"introduces":[97],"framework":[101,116,144],"via":[102],"an":[103],"active":[104],"auxiliary":[105],"mechanism":[106],"(AAM)":[107],"reduce":[109],"annotation":[111,124],"workload.":[112],"proposed":[114],"AAM":[115,143,157],"can":[117],"actively":[118],"select":[119],"informative":[121],"sample":[122],"for":[123],"by":[125,164],"estimating":[126],"its":[127],"uncertainty":[128],"locational":[130],"instability.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"proposes":[135],"computer-assisted":[137],"module":[139],"embedded":[140],"help":[146],"human":[147],"annotators":[148],"rapidly":[150],"accurately":[152],"label":[153],"selected":[155],"data.":[156],"outperformed":[158],"baseline":[160],"method":[161],"(random":[162],"sampling)":[163],"up":[165],"0.91":[167],"AP":[168],"3.0":[170],"MR\u22122":[171],"dataset.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
