{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386308424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174304","title":"Insight into the Characteristics and Triggers of Loess Landslides during the 2013 Heavy Rainfall Event in the Tianshui Area, China","display_name":"Insight into the Characteristics and Triggers of Loess Landslides during the 2013 Heavy Rainfall Event in the Tianshui Area, China","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386308424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174304","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4304/pdf?version=1693489286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4304/pdf?version=1693489286","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101746692","display_name":"Xiaoyi Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0333-1713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098880","display_name":"National Institute of Hospital Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdrzy17","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyi Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032794241","display_name":"Siyuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9207-1062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768021","display_name":"Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03z8dnf91","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768021","https://openalex.org/I90149893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893","https://openalex.org/I4391768021"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893","https://openalex.org/I4391768021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077706881","display_name":"Chong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3956-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098880","display_name":"National Institute of Hospital Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdrzy17","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098880"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009950031","display_name":"Yueren Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-2210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueren Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077706881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098880"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":15.6789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99114091,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"17","first_page":"4304","last_page":"4304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide","display_name":"Landslide","score":0.9813502430915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7614201903343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide-classification","display_name":"Landslide classification","score":0.6866204738616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loess","display_name":"Loess","score":0.5393455028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.5240735411643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mudflow","display_name":"Mudflow","score":0.5208504796028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5090944170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landform","display_name":"Landform","score":0.43468862771987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide-mitigation","display_name":"Landslide mitigation","score":0.4309334456920624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.417947381734848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rockslide","display_name":"Rockslide","score":0.416644811630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.1775362193584442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12957602739334106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.9813502430915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7614201903343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65865001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6485192","display_name":"Landslide classification","level":3,"score":0.6866204738616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185515318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22723","display_name":"Loess","level":2,"score":0.5393455028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.5240735411643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105467799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175768","display_name":"Mudflow","level":3,"score":0.5208504796028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5090944170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108497213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271669","display_name":"Landform","level":2,"score":0.43468862771987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199927954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6485194","display_name":"Landslide mitigation","level":4,"score":0.4309334456920624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.417947381734848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78261793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2924824","display_name":"Rockslide","level":3,"score":0.416644811630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1775362193584442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12957602739334106}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174304","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4304/pdf?version=1693489286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6da1165ec6b44e9fb5f83273983874b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6da1165ec6b44e9fb5f83273983874b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 4304 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/17/4304/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174304","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4304/pdf?version=1693489286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2001261222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3901205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G718863993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BYESS2023122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386308424.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W834961641","https://openalex.org/W1980989056","https://openalex.org/W2014074025","https://openalex.org/W2023020894","https://openalex.org/W2042308616","https://openalex.org/W2051208952","https://openalex.org/W2058082754","https://openalex.org/W2083500801","https://openalex.org/W2087946343","https://openalex.org/W2320278789","https://openalex.org/W2588237346","https://openalex.org/W2756823405","https://openalex.org/W2778020085","https://openalex.org/W2779974195","https://openalex.org/W2792576728","https://openalex.org/W2794741889","https://openalex.org/W2804702973","https://openalex.org/W2896803027","https://openalex.org/W2899079593","https://openalex.org/W2901719537","https://openalex.org/W2901958252","https://openalex.org/W2912361013","https://openalex.org/W2918358176","https://openalex.org/W2920254659","https://openalex.org/W2967019526","https://openalex.org/W2995073060","https://openalex.org/W2998106312","https://openalex.org/W3006565775","https://openalex.org/W3010031062","https://openalex.org/W3024808444","https://openalex.org/W3082221014","https://openalex.org/W3087095181","https://openalex.org/W3094464539","https://openalex.org/W3120574494","https://openalex.org/W3154778712","https://openalex.org/W3163899184","https://openalex.org/W3201852602","https://openalex.org/W3202126413","https://openalex.org/W3209600337","https://openalex.org/W3209790604","https://openalex.org/W4223429813","https://openalex.org/W4226051717","https://openalex.org/W4226511585","https://openalex.org/W4240717376","https://openalex.org/W4293660934","https://openalex.org/W4296129417","https://openalex.org/W4311616846","https://openalex.org/W4319227723","https://openalex.org/W4378229648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282824751","https://openalex.org/W2364167896","https://openalex.org/W2357002442","https://openalex.org/W2389012156","https://openalex.org/W2135585095","https://openalex.org/W2356523693","https://openalex.org/W2367153501","https://openalex.org/W2970077826","https://openalex.org/W2318410015","https://openalex.org/W2981456846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118,136,154,175],"2013":[1],"heavy":[2],"rainfall":[3,86,91],"event":[4,92],"(from":[5],"June":[6],"to":[7,183,187,216],"July)":[8],"in":[9,128],"the":[10,14,31,45,53,70,73,125,145,190,198,205,210,219],"Tianshui":[11],"area":[12,100,156],"triggered":[13,93],"most":[15],"serious":[16],"rainfall-induced":[17,55],"group-occurring":[18],"landslides":[19,46,96,109,119,140],"since":[20],"1984,":[21],"causing":[22],"extensive":[23],"casualties":[24],"and":[25,33,47,67,76,85,116,134,150,189],"economic":[26],"losses.":[27],"To":[28],"better":[29],"understand":[30],"characteristics":[32],"triggers":[34],"of":[35,44,62,101,106,139,197,204,226],"these":[36,163],"loess":[37,108],"landslides,":[38,188,217],"we":[39],"conducted":[40],"a":[41,98,121,172,223],"detailed":[42,54],"analysis":[43],"relevant":[48],"influencing":[49,78],"factors.":[50],"Based":[51],"on":[52],"landslide":[56,74,155,191,200],"database":[57],"obtained":[58],"using":[59],"visual":[60],"interpretation":[61],"remote":[63],"sensing":[64],"images":[65],"before":[66],"after":[68],"rainfall,":[69,149],"correlation":[71],"between":[72],"occurrence":[75],"different":[77],"factors":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"terrain,":[82],"geomorphology,":[83],"geology,":[84],"condition":[87],"was":[88,141,159,181,213],"analyzed.":[89],"This":[90],"approximately":[94],"54,000":[95],"with":[97,110,124,144,162],"total":[99,148,199],"67.9":[102],"km2,":[103],"mainly":[104],"consisting":[105],"shallow":[107,113],"elongated":[111],"type,":[112],"rockslides,":[114],"collapses,":[115],"mudflows.":[117],"exhibited":[120,222],"clustered":[122],"distribution,":[123],"majority":[126],"concentrated":[127],"two":[129],"specific":[130],"areas":[131],"(i.e.,":[132],"Niangniangba":[133],"Shetang).":[135],"abundance":[137,225],"index":[138],"closely":[142],"associated":[143],"hillslope":[146],"gradient,":[147],"drainage":[151],"(river)":[152],"density.":[153],"density":[157],"(LAD)":[158],"positively":[160],"correlated":[161],"influential":[164],"factors,":[165],"characterized":[166],"by":[167],"either":[168],"an":[169],"exponential":[170],"or":[171],"linear":[173],"relationship.":[174],"Middle":[176],"Devonian":[177],"Shujiaba":[178],"formation":[179],"(D2S)":[180],"identified":[182],"be":[184],"highly":[185],"susceptible":[186],"events":[192],"therein":[193],"accounted":[194],"for":[195],"35%":[196],"occurrences":[201],"within":[202],"22%":[203],"study":[206],"area.":[207],"In":[208],"addition,":[209],"E-SE":[211],"aspect":[212,221],"more":[214],"prone":[215],"while":[218],"W-NW":[220],"low":[224],"landslides.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}