{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386284125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174252","title":"Exploring the Relationship between Temporal Fluctuations in Satellite Nightlight Imagery and Human Mobility across Africa","display_name":"Exploring the Relationship between Temporal Fluctuations in Satellite Nightlight Imagery and Human Mobility across Africa","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386284125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174252","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4252/pdf?version=1693379637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4252/pdf?version=1693379637","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071210392","display_name":"Grant Rogers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grant Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082817356","display_name":"Patrycja Koper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrycja Koper","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113251532","display_name":"Cori Ruktanonchai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cori Ruktanonchai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-3473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007408088","display_name":"Nick Ruktanonchai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-7121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Ruktanonchai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103715517","display_name":"Edson Utazi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edson Utazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101699448","display_name":"D. R. Woods","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9669-9631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothea Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084118940","display_name":"Alexander Cunningham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026395399","display_name":"Andrew J. Tatem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7270-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Tatem","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017422889","display_name":"Jessica Steele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043495051","display_name":"Shengjie Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-8148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjie Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-8148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016636311","display_name":"Alessandro Sorichetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-5826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Sorichetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra \u201cArdito Desio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-5826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra \u201cArdito Desio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071210392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2353,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2537},"fwci":1.9374,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85484781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"17","first_page":"4252","last_page":"4252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.7166489362716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.5862926840782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5845303535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.5454526543617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5171307921409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.49578747153282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.4116554260253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33328619599342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32365143299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2289535105228424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1504901945590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.14563611149787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.11442500352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11386659741401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.111233651638031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.07830938696861267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7166489362716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5862926840782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5845303535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.5454526543617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5171307921409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.49578747153282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.4116554260253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33328619599342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32365143299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2289535105228424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1504901945590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.14563611149787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.11442500352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11386659741401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.111233651638031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07830938696861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174252","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4252/pdf?version=1693379637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:482213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/482213/1/remotesensing_15_04252_v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/116249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116249","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/b7eb89db-c7f5-4c9b-8b74-458f3f2dabcb/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article - Refereed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1075550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4252","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4252/pdf?version=1693904964","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2d83f6ac4964d1e8e7add5cd15cd9e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2d83f6ac4964d1e8e7add5cd15cd9e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 4252 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/17/4252/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174252","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4252/pdf?version=1693379637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4191519253","display_name":"The University of Southampton - to characterize the seasonality of the SARS-CoV2 virus is different setting around the world to best support mitigation efforts","funder_award_id":"INV-024911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6112810876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OPP1134076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310862","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334701","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5wtv36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386284125.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1747046542","https://openalex.org/W1977568612","https://openalex.org/W1994682066","https://openalex.org/W2017193277","https://openalex.org/W2025943354","https://openalex.org/W2057301737","https://openalex.org/W2071944120","https://openalex.org/W2094886960","https://openalex.org/W2133257547","https://openalex.org/W2135292370","https://openalex.org/W2139830545","https://openalex.org/W2143536272","https://openalex.org/W2162301084","https://openalex.org/W2170131286","https://openalex.org/W2180770390","https://openalex.org/W2319284762","https://openalex.org/W2476078029","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2748748027","https://openalex.org/W2774698122","https://openalex.org/W2882972689","https://openalex.org/W2883216736","https://openalex.org/W2886368623","https://openalex.org/W2900484231","https://openalex.org/W2921244893","https://openalex.org/W2923311191","https://openalex.org/W2950523660","https://openalex.org/W2964102700","https://openalex.org/W2981599999","https://openalex.org/W2997225763","https://openalex.org/W3031432927","https://openalex.org/W3033125857","https://openalex.org/W3092193474","https://openalex.org/W3118515560","https://openalex.org/W3174724001","https://openalex.org/W3214004738","https://openalex.org/W3214860074","https://openalex.org/W4205469702","https://openalex.org/W4210866002","https://openalex.org/W4251849772","https://openalex.org/W4288447615","https://openalex.org/W6657196232","https://openalex.org/W6797924677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W2375489112","https://openalex.org/W2370838374","https://openalex.org/W2354222596","https://openalex.org/W2392291083","https://openalex.org/W2353135038","https://openalex.org/W2381059267","https://openalex.org/W2347277971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"phone":[1,47],"data":[2,48,72,126,138,224,340],"have":[3,82],"been":[4,83],"increasingly":[5],"used":[6,85],"over":[7,131],"the":[8,26,44,101,114,145,150,172,176,192,204,220,242,250,304,318,332,349],"past":[9],"decade":[10],"or":[11,260,271],"more":[12,69],"as":[13,77,86,107,225],"a":[14,87,108,142,226,291],"pretty":[15],"reliable":[16,232],"indicator":[17],"of":[18,31,63,144,147,153,160,179,222,254,263,303,338],"human":[19,319],"mobility":[20,110,227,274,347],"to":[21,57,94,103,158,167,241,268,282,331,344,358],"measure":[22,143],"population":[23,32,90,95,353],"movements":[24],"and":[25,34,39,53,59,66,118,135,184,245,315,317,348,363],"associated":[27,350],"changes":[28,92,264],"in":[29,199,214,233,258,265,275,287,290,297,313,322,327,352,361,368],"terms":[30],"presence":[33],"density":[35,91,354],"at":[36,191],"multiple":[37],"spatial":[38],"temporal":[40],"scales.":[41],"However,":[42],"given":[43],"fact":[45],"mobile":[46],"are":[49,54],"not":[50],"available":[51,71],"everywhere":[52],"generally":[55],"difficult":[56],"access":[58],"share,":[60],"mostly":[61],"because":[62,302],"commercial":[64],"restrictions":[65],"privacy":[67],"concerns,":[68],"readily":[70],"with":[73,329],"global":[74],"coverage,":[75],"such":[76],"night-time":[78],"light":[79],"(NTL)":[80],"imagery,":[81],"alternatively":[84],"proxy":[88],"for":[89],"due":[93,240,267],"movements.":[96],"This":[97,237],"study":[98],"further":[99],"explores":[100],"potential":[102],"use":[104,221,337],"NTL":[105,117,177,223,306,339],"brightness":[106,243,247,266],"short-term":[109],"metric":[111,228],"by":[112,141],"analysing":[113],"relationship":[115],"between":[116,175],"smartphone-based":[119],"Google":[120],"Aggregated":[121],"Mobility":[122],"Research":[123],"Dataset":[124],"(GAMRD)":[125],"across":[127,203],"twelve":[128],"African":[129],"countries":[130],"two":[132],"periods:":[133],"2018\u20132019":[134,314],"2020.":[136],"The":[137,208,336],"were":[139,156,211],"stratified":[140],"degree":[146],"urbanisation,":[148],"whereby":[149],"administrative":[151,193],"units":[152],"each":[154],"country":[155],"assigned":[157],"one":[159],"eight":[161,205],"classes":[162],"ranging":[163],"from":[164,171],"low-density":[165],"rural":[166,216,259,362],"high-density":[168],"urban.":[169],"Results":[170],"correlation":[173,201,294],"analysis,":[174],"Sum":[178],"Lights":[180],"(SoL)":[181],"radiance":[182,308],"values":[183,202,309],"three":[185],"different":[186,285],"GAMRD-based":[187],"flow":[188],"metrics":[189],"calculated":[190],"unit":[194],"level,":[195],"showed":[196],"significant":[197],"differences":[198],"NTL-GAMRD":[200,293],"rural/urban":[206],"classes.":[207],"highest":[209],"correlations":[210],"typically":[212],"found":[213],"predominantly":[215,234],"areas,":[217],"suggesting":[218],"that":[219],"may":[229],"be":[230,283,359],"less":[231,253],"urban":[235,298,323,369],"settings.":[236,370],"is":[238],"likely":[239],"saturation":[244],"higher":[246],"stability":[248],"within":[249],"latter,":[251],"showing":[252],"an":[255],"effect":[256],"than":[257,286],"peri-urban":[261,364],"areas":[262,365],"people":[269],"leaving":[270],"arriving.":[272],"Human":[273],"2020":[276,316,328],"(during":[277],"COVID-19-related":[278],"restrictions)":[279],"was":[280,355],"observed":[281],"significantly":[284,325],"2018\u20132019,":[288],"resulting":[289],"reduced":[292],"strength,":[295],"especially":[296,321],"settings,":[299,324],"most":[300],"probably":[301],"monthly":[305,346],"SoL":[307],"remaining":[310],"relatively":[311],"similar":[312],"mobility,":[320],"decreasing":[326],"respect":[330],"previous":[333],"considered":[334],"period.":[335],"on":[341],"its":[342],"own":[343],"assess":[345],"fluctuations":[351],"therefore":[356],"shown":[357],"promising":[360],"but":[366],"problematic":[367]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2023-08-31T00:00:00"}
