{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385873908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164047","title":"A Method for Extracting Lake Water Using ViTenc-UNet: Taking Typical Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as Examples","display_name":"A Method for Extracting Lake Water Using ViTenc-UNet: Taking Typical Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as Examples","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385873908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4047/pdf?version=1692177594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4047/pdf?version=1692177594","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101044442","display_name":"Xili Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xili Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource of The People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource of The People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370857","display_name":"Hong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-3140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418738","display_name":"Li Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7830-0386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource of The People\u2019s Republic of China, Chengdu 610100, China","The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource of The People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource of The People\u2019s Republic of China, Chengdu 610100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource of The People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446991","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-2409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005137855","display_name":"Jiahao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7349-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077681495","display_name":"Tengfei Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengfei Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058244664","display_name":"Haozhe Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2252-1574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haozhe Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103080953","display_name":"Yuting Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-1624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100370857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I96908189"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.7497,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83723143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"16","first_page":"4047","last_page":"4047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.6981596350669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5206838846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4480559825897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1547635793685913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6981596350669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5206838846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4480559825897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1547635793685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4047/pdf?version=1692177594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:97af3760718f4709a50f19b68d513add","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/97af3760718f4709a50f19b68d513add","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 16, p 4047 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/16/4047/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 16; Pages: 4047","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4047/pdf?version=1692177594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7037010993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFF1303404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385873908.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1966580635","https://openalex.org/W1970269224","https://openalex.org/W1995581599","https://openalex.org/W2018257962","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2117060272","https://openalex.org/W2218047931","https://openalex.org/W2234850500","https://openalex.org/W2789329162","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2896720583","https://openalex.org/W2903246098","https://openalex.org/W2962702674","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2981719849","https://openalex.org/W2984369642","https://openalex.org/W3004243637","https://openalex.org/W3020871209","https://openalex.org/W3029999318","https://openalex.org/W3117652191","https://openalex.org/W3121117209","https://openalex.org/W3132784030","https://openalex.org/W3133477028","https://openalex.org/W3138862866","https://openalex.org/W3159799105","https://openalex.org/W3168894019","https://openalex.org/W3170552979","https://openalex.org/W3177480462","https://openalex.org/W3184179028","https://openalex.org/W3191841847","https://openalex.org/W3194224793","https://openalex.org/W3195768819","https://openalex.org/W3195893328","https://openalex.org/W3205194045","https://openalex.org/W3210082318","https://openalex.org/W3211053809","https://openalex.org/W3213184978","https://openalex.org/W4206571460","https://openalex.org/W4210356392","https://openalex.org/W4213058019","https://openalex.org/W4214868963","https://openalex.org/W4229445064","https://openalex.org/W4281693171","https://openalex.org/W4281728613","https://openalex.org/W4285283170","https://openalex.org/W4285807021","https://openalex.org/W4290860705","https://openalex.org/W4292387412","https://openalex.org/W4293235810","https://openalex.org/W4293242786","https://openalex.org/W4295856926","https://openalex.org/W4303980549","https://openalex.org/W4308740428","https://openalex.org/W4312393630","https://openalex.org/W4312651297","https://openalex.org/W4313534882","https://openalex.org/W4321232185","https://openalex.org/W4395103963","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6791916739","https://openalex.org/W6798385142","https://openalex.org/W6798735857","https://openalex.org/W6799986871","https://openalex.org/W6800352618","https://openalex.org/W6800643824","https://openalex.org/W6803652275","https://openalex.org/W6803846954","https://openalex.org/W6846052729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2380822794","https://openalex.org/W2201185841","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2371412468","https://openalex.org/W2033181639","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2387009654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,5,23,30,35,39,46,63,79,86,89,99,117,120,123,131,144,149,156,162,174,199,206,226,233,259,268],"lakes":[2,20,61,231],"located":[3],"in":[4,14,44,85],"Qinghai-Tibet":[6,31,64,157,234,269],"Plateau":[7,65,158],"are":[8],"important":[9,255,264],"carriers":[10],"of":[11,29,38,88,103,119,130,151,173,216,230,241,263],"water":[12,26,57,105,132,153,179,227,238,265],"resources":[13,266],"Asia,":[15],"dynamic":[16],"changes":[17],"to":[18,77,116,134,204],"these":[19,242],"intuitively":[21],"reflect":[22],"climate":[24],"and":[25,69,97,126,161,170,186,195,209,223,251],"resource":[27],"variations":[28],"Plateau.":[32,270],"To":[33],"address":[34],"insufficient":[36],"performance":[37,240],"Convolutional":[40,81,108],"Neural":[41,82],"Network":[42,83],"(CNN)":[43],"learning":[45],"spatial":[47,101,124],"relationship":[48,102],"between":[49],"long-distance":[50],"continuous":[51,80,100],"pixels,":[52],"this":[53],"study":[54],"proposes":[55],"a":[56],"recognition":[58,154],"model":[59,121,146,219],"for":[60,177,258],"on":[62,67,155,232,267],"based":[66],"U-Net":[68,90,201],"ViTenc-UNet.":[70],"This":[71,218,245],"method":[72,246],"uses":[73],"Vision":[74],"Transformer":[75],"(ViT)":[76],"replace":[78],"layer":[84],"encoder":[87],"model,":[91],"which":[92,188],"can":[93,147],"more":[94,136,159],"accurately":[95],"identify":[96],"extract":[98],"lake":[104,152,178,243],"bodies.":[106,244],"A":[107],"Block":[109],"Attention":[110],"Module":[111],"(CBAM)":[112],"mechanism":[113],"was":[114],"added":[115],"decoder":[118],"enabling":[122],"information":[125,128],"spectral":[127],"characteristics":[129],"bodies":[133,180],"be":[135],"completely":[137],"preserved.":[138],"The":[139],"experimental":[140],"results":[141,176],"show":[142],"that":[143],"ViTenc-UNet":[145],"complete":[148],"task":[150,229],"efficiently,":[160],"Overall":[163],"Accuracy,":[164],"Intersection":[165],"over":[166],"Union,":[167],"Recall,":[168],"Precision,":[169],"F1":[171],"score":[172],"classification":[175,239,249],"reached":[181],"99.04%,":[182],"98.68%,":[183],"99.08%,":[184],"98.59%,":[185],"98.75%,":[187],"were,":[189],"respectively,":[190],"4.16%,":[191],"6.20%":[192],"5.34%,":[193],"4.80%,":[194],"5.34%":[196],"higher":[197],"than":[198],"original":[200],"model.":[202],"Compared":[203],"FCN,":[205],"DeepLabv3+,":[207],"TransUNet,":[208],"Swin-Unet":[210],"models":[211],"also":[212],"have":[213],"different":[214],"degrees":[215],"advantages.":[217],"innovatively":[220],"introduces":[221],"ViT":[222],"CBAM":[224],"into":[225],"extraction":[228],"Plateau,":[235],"showing":[236],"excellent":[237],"has":[247],"certain":[248],"advantages":[250],"will":[252],"provide":[253],"an":[254],"scientific":[256],"reference":[257],"accurate":[260],"real-time":[261],"monitoring":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2023-08-17T00:00:00"}