{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385835452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164037","title":"A Digital Grid Model for Complex Time-Varying Environments in Civil Engineering Buildings","display_name":"A Digital Grid Model for Complex Time-Varying Environments in Civil Engineering Buildings","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385835452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4037/pdf?version=1692100832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4037/pdf?version=1692100832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069786091","display_name":"Huangchuang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huangchuang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China","School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447691","display_name":"Ge Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0140-0949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ge Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100447691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10963953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"16","first_page":"4037","last_page":"4037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subdivision","display_name":"Subdivision","score":0.8999923467636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7943483591079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.65281742811203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.615125298500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5780697464942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time","display_name":"Space time","score":0.5520723462104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4863603711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28315359354019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.11673307418823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11076518893241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10159116983413696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.8999923467636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7943483591079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.65281742811203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.615125298500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5780697464942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.5520723462104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4863603711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28315359354019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.11673307418823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11076518893241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10159116983413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4037/pdf?version=1692100832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ab9a08fd1e4463b90b9e9554b10a7f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ab9a08fd1e4463b90b9e9554b10a7f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 16, p 4037 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/16/4037/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 16; Pages: 4037","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4037/pdf?version=1692100832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G449472674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5118098732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 62172021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385835452.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996772125","https://openalex.org/W2016530278","https://openalex.org/W2031058230","https://openalex.org/W2093376834","https://openalex.org/W2112889176","https://openalex.org/W2125399488","https://openalex.org/W2126836862","https://openalex.org/W2151308172","https://openalex.org/W2173199691","https://openalex.org/W2201056710","https://openalex.org/W2297690403","https://openalex.org/W2345333930","https://openalex.org/W2556403602","https://openalex.org/W2740398210","https://openalex.org/W2754533652","https://openalex.org/W2756326686","https://openalex.org/W2790839032","https://openalex.org/W2883028320","https://openalex.org/W2907413806","https://openalex.org/W2951831922","https://openalex.org/W2968054085","https://openalex.org/W2992243735","https://openalex.org/W3007887123","https://openalex.org/W3043646502","https://openalex.org/W3214427938","https://openalex.org/W4224259398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072806201","https://openalex.org/W2024218563","https://openalex.org/W1517743118","https://openalex.org/W2965845133","https://openalex.org/W2281090687","https://openalex.org/W1670831115","https://openalex.org/W1602178951","https://openalex.org/W108742494","https://openalex.org/W2468989706","https://openalex.org/W2108039971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,172,201],"indoor":[1,14,32,102,106,127,152,155,215],"environment":[2,128],"is":[3,16,59,68,93,121,129,141,163],"typically":[4],"a":[5,18,51,81,89],"complex":[6],"time-varying":[7,33,103,107],"environment.":[8],"At":[9],"present,":[10],"the":[11,36,39,48,71,76,97,126,132,136,144,151,176,181,194,198,206,210,214],"problem":[12],"of":[13,38,63,100,146,180,186,197,213],"modeling":[15,99],"still":[17],"hot":[19],"research":[20],"topic":[21],"for":[22,88,96],"scholars":[23],"at":[24],"home":[25],"and":[26,43,117,135,159,169,178,183,193,209],"abroad.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"primarily":[30],"studies":[31],"space.":[34],"On":[35],"basis":[37],"Beidou":[40,58],"grid":[41,157,217],"framework":[42,55,67],"time":[44,77,91,119],"coding":[45,78,149],"model,":[46,85],"in":[47,150,190],"first":[49],"scenario,":[50,73],"local":[52,64,82,114,118,147,187],"space":[53,65,115],"subdivision":[54,66,84,120,148,188],"based":[56,74,110],"on":[57,75,111],"proposed.":[60,94,122],"necessity":[62],"analyzed.":[69],"In":[70],"second":[72],"model":[79],"needle,":[80],"temporal":[83],"more":[86],"suitable":[87],"short":[90],"domain,":[92],"Then,":[95],"spatial":[98],"an":[101,105,160],"environment,":[104],"mesh":[108],"frame":[109],"global":[112],"subdivision,":[113,116],"Using":[123],"this":[124],"framework,":[125],"represented":[130],"by":[131],"space\u2013time":[133,153,156,191,199,216],"grid,":[134,154],"basic":[137],"storage":[138],"data":[139,168],"structure":[140],"designed.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"experiment":[145,162],"modeling,":[158],"organization":[161,208],"carried":[164],"out":[165],"using":[166],"real":[167],"simulation":[170],"data.":[171],"experimental":[173,202],"results":[174,203],"verify":[175,205],"feasibility":[177],"correctness":[179],"encoding":[182,189,192],"decoding":[184],"algorithm":[185,196],"calculation":[195],"relationship.":[200],"also":[204],"multi-space":[207],"management":[211],"ability":[212],"model.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}