{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385342477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153754","title":"Landfill Site Selection Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Remote Sensing Data, and Geographic Information System Tools in Najran City, Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Landfill Site Selection Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Remote Sensing Data, and Geographic Information System Tools in Najran City, Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385342477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15153754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3754/pdf?version=1690534947","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3754/pdf?version=1690534947","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063042707","display_name":"Ismail Elkhrachy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9766-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Elkhrachy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079298873","display_name":"Ali Alhamami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Alhamami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015251837","display_name":"Saleh H. Alyami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-5960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh H. Alyami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063042707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.1885,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97059481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"15","first_page":"3754","last_page":"3754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","score":0.7195464372634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.6197232604026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5850397944450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-criteria-decision-analysis","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","score":0.5710631608963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.5309070348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5034155249595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-selection","display_name":"Site selection","score":0.4776110351085663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43925753235816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3467438817024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.25731632113456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.23761186003684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.17747247219085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1394844949245453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1366681158542633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.7195464372634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.6197232604026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5850397944450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11105738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895805","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.5710631608963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.5309070348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5034155249595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780561860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7531796","display_name":"Site selection","level":2,"score":0.4776110351085663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43925753235816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3467438817024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.25731632113456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.23761186003684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17747247219085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1394844949245453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1366681158542633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15153754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3754/pdf?version=1690534947","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5df704846abe44ffbbcbcdcf325a46c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5df704846abe44ffbbcbcdcf325a46c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 15, p 3754 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/15/3754/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15153754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 15; Pages: 3754","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15153754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3754/pdf?version=1690534947","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5434313379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NU/DRP/SERC/12/11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","funder_display_name":"Najran University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7875826384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NU/DRP/SERC/12/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","funder_display_name":"Najran University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385342477.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85831635","https://openalex.org/W133178580","https://openalex.org/W1536340909","https://openalex.org/W1570292351","https://openalex.org/W1969176269","https://openalex.org/W1980430324","https://openalex.org/W1984084012","https://openalex.org/W2000172809","https://openalex.org/W2004698524","https://openalex.org/W2009902985","https://openalex.org/W2017664994","https://openalex.org/W2021506989","https://openalex.org/W2034960640","https://openalex.org/W2052267547","https://openalex.org/W2060982261","https://openalex.org/W2069289046","https://openalex.org/W2069864123","https://openalex.org/W2092553756","https://openalex.org/W2093720461","https://openalex.org/W2102596750","https://openalex.org/W2107785414","https://openalex.org/W2120842468","https://openalex.org/W2131490494","https://openalex.org/W2136050606","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2141050543","https://openalex.org/W2144915659","https://openalex.org/W2167331433","https://openalex.org/W2170832294","https://openalex.org/W2187815840","https://openalex.org/W2192098643","https://openalex.org/W2294145912","https://openalex.org/W2343449453","https://openalex.org/W2529019962","https://openalex.org/W2585206336","https://openalex.org/W2602677830","https://openalex.org/W2781675225","https://openalex.org/W2785300054","https://openalex.org/W2791467416","https://openalex.org/W2792086996","https://openalex.org/W2799567528","https://openalex.org/W2891799885","https://openalex.org/W2917379436","https://openalex.org/W2969355898","https://openalex.org/W2971958922","https://openalex.org/W2984075252","https://openalex.org/W3016050263","https://openalex.org/W3030946526","https://openalex.org/W3083094998","https://openalex.org/W3086758883","https://openalex.org/W3096990572","https://openalex.org/W3126822416","https://openalex.org/W3147963642","https://openalex.org/W3181464156","https://openalex.org/W3193299743","https://openalex.org/W3194185294","https://openalex.org/W3199450383","https://openalex.org/W4206037371","https://openalex.org/W4221042722","https://openalex.org/W4225078299","https://openalex.org/W4280584876","https://openalex.org/W4300690044","https://openalex.org/W4360838605","https://openalex.org/W4366986601","https://openalex.org/W6603447647","https://openalex.org/W6605360706","https://openalex.org/W6654761448","https://openalex.org/W6659242928","https://openalex.org/W6676288937","https://openalex.org/W6681020149","https://openalex.org/W6749739664","https://openalex.org/W6792679275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2619886288","https://openalex.org/W2410864841","https://openalex.org/W380774767","https://openalex.org/W3134930408","https://openalex.org/W4389396049","https://openalex.org/W2395251459","https://openalex.org/W2028983668","https://openalex.org/W3097899349","https://openalex.org/W3211641683","https://openalex.org/W4403685908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"practical":[1],"issues":[2],"arise":[3],"when":[4],"dealing":[5],"with":[6,25,136],"solid":[7,61],"waste":[8],"management,":[9],"and":[10,38,50,54,72,79,94,124,143,151,182,200,210,221,228,236,244,261],"there":[11],"are":[12],"also":[13,274],"environmental":[14],"effects":[15],"to":[16,27,74,100,162,205,252,278],"be":[17],"considered.":[18],"Selecting":[19],"landfill":[20,85,171,223,267,284],"sites":[21,86,285],"requires":[22],"extra":[23],"care":[24],"respect":[26],"many":[28],"factors":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"the":[32,39,56,76,81,95,131,146,164,167,206,213,218,254,270,280],"environment,":[33],"health":[34],"hazards":[35],"for":[36,52,59,84,231],"people,":[37],"cost":[40],"of":[41,78,166,212,256,283],"transportation.":[42],"Furthermore,":[43],"cities":[44],"have":[45],"their":[46],"own":[47],"rules,":[48],"methods,":[49],"practices":[51],"managing":[53],"selecting":[55,264],"best":[57,82],"locations":[58,83],"collecting":[60],"waste.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"research,":[65],"multi-criteria":[66],"decision":[67],"analysis":[68],"(MCDA)":[69],"was":[70,139,160,176],"presented":[71,275],"used":[73,99],"evaluate":[75,130],"appropriateness":[77],"suggest":[80],"in":[87,263,269,286],"Najran,":[88],"KSA.":[89],"Some":[90],"remote":[91],"sensing":[92],"data":[93],"ArcGIS":[96],"software":[97],"were":[98,216],"prepare":[101],"nine":[102],"thematic":[103],"layers,":[104],"including":[105],"drainage":[106],"density,":[107],"groundwater":[108],"depth,":[109],"land":[110],"use,":[111],"soil":[112],"type,":[113],"road":[114],"network,":[115],"surface":[116,118],"elevation,":[117],"slope,":[119],"distance":[120,125],"from":[121,126],"residential":[122],"areas,":[123,239],"protected":[127],"areas.":[128],"To":[129],"layer":[132],"weightings,":[133],"a":[134],"questionnaire":[135],"pairwise":[137],"comparisons":[138],"distributed":[140],"among":[141],"experts":[142],"analyzed":[144],"using":[145,178],"analytical":[147],"hierarchy":[148],"process":[149],"(AHP)":[150],"fuzzy":[152],"set":[153],"technique.":[154],"The":[155,241],"one-factor-at-a-time":[156],"(OFAT)":[157],"sensitivity":[158,165],"test":[159,163],"conducted":[161],"evaluated":[168],"weightings.":[169],"A":[170],"suitability":[172,188,238,281],"index":[173],"(LSI)":[174],"map":[175,282],"created":[177],"raster":[179],"calculator":[180],"tools":[181],"divided":[183],"into":[184],"five":[185],"classes:":[186],"limited":[187,237],"(LSI":[189],"value":[190],"1.39\u20132.49),":[191],"least":[192,234],"suitable":[193,196,198,202,220,222],"(2.50\u20133.03),":[194],"relatively":[195,232],"(3.04\u20133.48),":[197],"(3.49\u20133.91),":[199],"most":[201,219],"(3.92\u20134.66).":[203],"According":[204],"statistical":[207],"analysis,":[208],"18.0%":[209],"18.2%":[211],"total":[214],"area":[215],"within":[217],"regions,":[224],"while":[225],"21.2%,":[226],"14.9%,":[227],"9.5%":[229],"accounted":[230],"suitable,":[233,235],"respectively.":[240],"employed":[242],"technique":[243],"its":[245],"findings":[246],"can":[247],"provide":[248],"an":[249,265],"appropriate":[250],"guideline":[251],"assist":[253],"municipality":[255],"Najran":[257,287],"city,":[258],"regional":[259],"planners,":[260],"decision-makers":[262],"optimal":[266],"site":[268],"future.":[271],"This":[272],"study":[273],"some":[276],"recommendations":[277],"enhance":[279],"city.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2023-07-29T00:00:00"}