{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385320806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153708","title":"Machine Learning (ML)-Based Copper Mineralization Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) Using Mining Geochemistry Method and Remote Sensing Satellite Data","display_name":"Machine Learning (ML)-Based Copper Mineralization Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) Using Mining Geochemistry Method and Remote Sensing Satellite Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385320806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15153708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153708","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3708/pdf?version=1691139746","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3708/pdf?version=1691139746","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084861735","display_name":"Mahnaz Abedini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4969-9177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176861719","display_name":"University of Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00yqvtm78","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahnaz Abedini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113305863","display_name":"Mansour Ziaii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176861719","display_name":"University of Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00yqvtm78","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansour Ziaii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010426660","display_name":"Timofey Timkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-3555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30849647","display_name":"Tomsk Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a45v709","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30849647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196355604","display_name":"National Research Tomsk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02he2nc27","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196355604"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timofey Timkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196355604","https://openalex.org/I30849647"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085075651","display_name":"Amin Beiranvand Pour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-5120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amin Beiranvand Pour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085075651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.5299,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95772376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"15","first_page":"3708","last_page":"3708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prospectivity-mapping","display_name":"Prospectivity mapping","score":0.9535067081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralization","display_name":"Mineralization (soil science)","score":0.8145037889480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porphyry-copper-deposit","display_name":"Porphyry copper deposit","score":0.7220428586006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6159842610359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geochemistry","display_name":"Geochemistry","score":0.5918310284614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"Copper","score":0.45822346210479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.32419365644454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.2201288938522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.15226733684539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-inclusions","display_name":"Fluid inclusions","score":0.09936344623565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07069835066795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.06347057223320007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55358776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250848","display_name":"Prospectivity mapping","level":3,"score":0.9535067081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6864413","display_name":"Mineralization (soil science)","level":3,"score":0.8145037889480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179319051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574109","display_name":"Porphyry copper deposit","level":4,"score":0.7220428586006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6159842610359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5918310284614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.45822346210479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.32419365644454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2201288938522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15226733684539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776152364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1822828","display_name":"Fluid inclusions","level":3,"score":0.09936344623565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07069835066795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.06347057223320007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010","display_name":"Quartz","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15153708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153708","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3708/pdf?version=1691139746","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c20781aa0424c66bb399e03b152549a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c20781aa0424c66bb399e03b152549a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 15, p 3708 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/15/3708/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15153708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 15; Pages: 3708","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15153708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153708","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3708/pdf?version=1691139746","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385320806.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W342324839","https://openalex.org/W969570089","https://openalex.org/W1506934582","https://openalex.org/W1875061881","https://openalex.org/W1882925433","https://openalex.org/W1964438720","https://openalex.org/W1964776411","https://openalex.org/W1967380063","https://openalex.org/W1969669722","https://openalex.org/W1973595880","https://openalex.org/W1976571841","https://openalex.org/W1978053173","https://openalex.org/W1983865151","https://openalex.org/W1987928348","https://openalex.org/W1989232026","https://openalex.org/W1995182681","https://openalex.org/W2006482983","https://openalex.org/W2010602539","https://openalex.org/W2011814952","https://openalex.org/W2013133114","https://openalex.org/W2015550944","https://openalex.org/W2025105970","https://openalex.org/W2031471068","https://openalex.org/W2038519446","https://openalex.org/W2044187701","https://openalex.org/W2058392115","https://openalex.org/W2060365046","https://openalex.org/W2063711835","https://openalex.org/W2064812486","https://openalex.org/W2074506246","https://openalex.org/W2074781866","https://openalex.org/W2085926688","https://openalex.org/W2086999348","https://openalex.org/W2089482437","https://openalex.org/W2101664201","https://openalex.org/W2104958444","https://openalex.org/W2113542238","https://openalex.org/W2117467278","https://openalex.org/W2122452972","https://openalex.org/W2123772631","https://openalex.org/W2125838356","https://openalex.org/W2128598397","https://openalex.org/W2129659014","https://openalex.org/W2147850043","https://openalex.org/W2152753533","https://openalex.org/W2153415869","https://openalex.org/W2153684259","https://openalex.org/W2235733880","https://openalex.org/W2271106373","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2587454985","https://openalex.org/W2613449628","https://openalex.org/W2615492166","https://openalex.org/W2740311783","https://openalex.org/W2767155774","https://openalex.org/W2883746869","https://openalex.org/W2884409695","https://openalex.org/W2896335697","https://openalex.org/W2899056763","https://openalex.org/W2910923652","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2918827223","https://openalex.org/W2920641855","https://openalex.org/W2936117331","https://openalex.org/W2949528887","https://openalex.org/W2968415286","https://openalex.org/W2981927612","https://openalex.org/W2989988850","https://openalex.org/W3014811513","https://openalex.org/W3016296757","https://openalex.org/W3032499961","https://openalex.org/W3086183630","https://openalex.org/W3128031946","https://openalex.org/W3160991452","https://openalex.org/W3195687265","https://openalex.org/W4200541371","https://openalex.org/W4206137329","https://openalex.org/W4206665214","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4249820190","https://openalex.org/W4281690394","https://openalex.org/W4319596913","https://openalex.org/W4319600420","https://openalex.org/W4322629113","https://openalex.org/W4323040225","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6644240396","https://openalex.org/W6682172026","https://openalex.org/W6693984746","https://openalex.org/W6733659892","https://openalex.org/W6778903300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234322959","https://openalex.org/W2041413007","https://openalex.org/W1134334803","https://openalex.org/W1573373265","https://openalex.org/W2072504176","https://openalex.org/W4285205761","https://openalex.org/W3206813773","https://openalex.org/W4247873768","https://openalex.org/W4280506967","https://openalex.org/W2357536569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,272],"exploration":[1],"of":[2,15,29,41,54,80,139,142,152,161,178,183,215,263,274,284],"buried":[3],"mineral":[4],"deposits":[5,149,182,266],"is":[6,38,298],"required":[7],"to":[8,101,157,187,193,221,238,252],"generate":[9],"innovative":[10,97,300],"approaches":[11],"and":[12,45,56,76,82,127,185,237,293,301],"the":[13,27,74,130,137,159,169,176,179,189,198,203,213,223,240,254,268,279],"integration":[14,283],"multi-source":[16,285],"geoscientific":[17,286],"datasets.":[18],"Mining":[19],"geochemistry":[20,111,217,291],"methods":[21,66],"have":[22,67],"been":[23,69],"generated":[24],"based":[25,72],"on":[26,73],"theory":[28],"multi-formational":[30],"geochemical":[31,77,162,170,190,224,229],"dispersion":[32],"haloes.":[33],"Satellite":[34],"remote":[35,64,103,241,295],"sensing":[36,65,296],"data":[37,51,144],"a":[39,114,246,259],"form":[40],"surficial":[42],"geoscience":[43],"datasets":[44],"can":[46],"be":[47],"considered":[48],"as":[49,289],"big":[50],"in":[52,267,309],"terms":[53],"veracity":[55],"volume.":[57],"different":[59],"alteration":[60],"zones":[61],"extracted":[62,145],"using":[63,107,175],"not":[68],"yet":[70],"categorized":[71],"mineralogical":[75],"types":[78],"(MGT)":[79],"anomalies":[81,163,191],"cannot":[83],"discriminate":[84],"blind":[85],"mineralization":[86,91,196,306],"(BM)":[87],"from":[88,146,150],"zone":[89],"dispersed":[90],"(ZDM).":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94,275],"research,":[95],"an":[96,299],"approach":[98,303],"was":[99,133,173,250],"developed":[100],"optimize":[102,239],"sensing-based":[104,242],"evidential":[105,225,243,255],"variables":[106,256],"some":[108],"constructed":[109,174],"mining":[110,216,290],"models":[112,218],"for":[113,257,304],"machine":[115,280],"learning":[116,281],"(ML)-based":[117,282],"copper":[118,148,166,181,195,265,305],"prospectivity":[119,261,307],"mapping.":[120],"Accordingly,":[121],"several":[122],"main":[123],"steps":[124],"were":[125,219],"implemented":[126],"analyzed.":[128],"Initially,":[129],"MGT":[131,160],"model":[132,172],"executed":[134],"by":[135,227],"studying":[136],"distribution":[138],"indicator":[140],"elements":[141],"lithogeochemical":[143],"50":[147],"Commonwealth":[151],"Independent":[153],"States":[154],"(CIS)":[155],"countries":[156],"identify":[158],"associated":[164],"with":[165],"mineralization.":[167],"Then,":[168],"zonality":[171,230],"database":[177],"porphyry":[180,194,264],"Iran":[184],"Kazakhstan":[186],"evaluate":[188],"related":[192],"(e.g.,":[197],"Saghari":[199],"deposit":[200],"located":[201],"around":[202],"Chah-Musa":[204],"deposit,":[205],"Toroud-Chah":[206,269],"Shirin":[207,270],"belt,":[208],"central":[209],"north":[210],"Iran).":[211],"Subsequently,":[212],"results":[214,273],"used":[220],"produce":[222],"variable":[226],"vertical":[228],"(Vz)":[231],"(Pb":[232],"\u00d7":[233,235],"Zn/Cu":[234],"Mo)":[236],"variables.":[244],"Finally,":[245],"random":[247],"forest":[248],"algorithm":[249],"applied":[251],"integrate":[253],"generating":[258],"provincial-scale":[260],"mapping":[262,308],"belt.":[271],"investigation":[276],"substantiated":[277],"that":[278],"datasets,":[287],"such":[288],"techniques":[292],"satellite":[294],"data,":[297],"applicable":[302],"metallogenic":[310],"provinces.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}