{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384829249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143607","title":"Spatial-Aware Transformer (SAT): Enhancing Global Modeling in Transformer Segmentation for Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Spatial-Aware Transformer (SAT): Enhancing Global Modeling in Transformer Segmentation for Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384829249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3607/pdf?version=1689843026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3607/pdf?version=1689843026","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003943520","display_name":"Duolin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-460X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duolin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043575213","display_name":"Yadang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-2617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053227987","display_name":"Bushra Naz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180291457","display_name":"Mehran University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ttm03","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180291457"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bushra Naz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180291457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059068224","display_name":"Le Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-8678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101530337","display_name":"Baozhu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-1840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110560","display_name":"Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01tapk317","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210110560"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baozhu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things & Smart City Innovation Platform, Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things & Smart City Innovation Platform, Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101530337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110560"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1169,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80527597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"14","first_page":"3607","last_page":"3607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7744131684303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7004117369651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6818959712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4986915588378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.432803750038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.42138415575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4106025695800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-variable-differential-transformer","display_name":"Linear variable differential transformer","score":0.41035401821136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-transformer","display_name":"Distribution transformer","score":0.24791043996810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10318592190742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08641564846038818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7744131684303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7004117369651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6818959712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4986915588378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.432803750038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.42138415575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4106025695800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125884559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369791","display_name":"Linear variable differential transformer","level":5,"score":0.41035401821136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117323899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907989","display_name":"Distribution transformer","level":4,"score":0.24791043996810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10318592190742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08641564846038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3607/pdf?version=1689843026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00edd77a066c428fa9f0f853df7aad1e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00edd77a066c428fa9f0f853df7aad1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 14, p 3607 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/14/3607/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 14; Pages: 3607","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3607/pdf?version=1689843026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1409766942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020LZH005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2401322571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M713668","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4247778344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5250485168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020LZH005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G591479136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7628822051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384829249.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143993393","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2963136578","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2990371274","https://openalex.org/W2991488782","https://openalex.org/W3015788359","https://openalex.org/W3034785488","https://openalex.org/W3106860957","https://openalex.org/W3115933489","https://openalex.org/W3176027594","https://openalex.org/W3200870516","https://openalex.org/W3203701986","https://openalex.org/W4200586434","https://openalex.org/W4200618560","https://openalex.org/W4206952097","https://openalex.org/W4212961864","https://openalex.org/W4214669216","https://openalex.org/W4288751939","https://openalex.org/W4296425803","https://openalex.org/W4321232185","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389550390","https://openalex.org/W2772395585","https://openalex.org/W2293937776","https://openalex.org/W3034765024","https://openalex.org/W265950226","https://openalex.org/W2392593013","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"research,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"the":[5,13,20,56,68,73,82,100,117,126,134],"Spatial-Aware":[6,127],"Transformer":[7,15,70,128],"(SAT),":[8],"an":[9,42,112],"enhanced":[10],"implementation":[11],"of":[12,24,35,58,75,104,119,173],"Swin":[14,69],"module,":[16],"purposed":[17],"to":[18,44,98],"augment":[19],"global":[21,47],"modeling":[22],"capabilities":[23,143],"existing":[25],"transformer":[26,36,164],"segmentation":[27,37,165],"mechanisms":[28],"within":[29],"remote":[30,168],"sensing.":[31],"The":[32],"current":[33],"landscape":[34],"techniques":[38],"is":[39,52],"encumbered":[40],"by":[41],"inability":[43],"effectively":[45],"model":[46],"dependencies,":[48],"a":[49,92,159,171],"deficiency":[50],"that":[51],"especially":[53],"pronounced":[54],"in":[55,144,167],"context":[57],"occluded":[59,87,146],"objects.":[60],"Our":[61],"innovative":[62,113],"solution":[63],"embeds":[64],"spatial":[65],"information":[66],"into":[67,95],"block,":[71],"facilitating":[72],"creation":[74],"pixel-level":[76],"correlations,":[77],"and":[78,137,148,178],"thereby":[79],"significantly":[80],"elevating":[81],"feature":[83],"representation":[84],"potency":[85],"for":[86,175],"subjects.":[88],"We":[89],"have":[90],"incorporated":[91],"boundary-aware":[93],"module":[94],"our":[96],"decoder":[97],"mitigate":[99],"commonly":[101],"encountered":[102],"shortcoming":[103],"inaccurate":[105],"boundary":[106,120],"segmentation.":[107],"This":[108,156],"component":[109],"serves":[110],"as":[111],"refinement":[114],"instrument,":[115],"fortifying":[116],"precision":[118],"demarcation.":[121],"After":[122],"these":[123],"strategic":[124],"enhancements,":[125],"achieved":[129],"state-of-the-art":[130],"performance":[131],"benchmarks":[132],"on":[133],"Potsdam,":[135],"Vaihingen,":[136],"Aerial":[138],"datasets,":[139],"demonstrating":[140],"its":[141],"superior":[142],"recognizing":[145],"objects":[147],"distinguishing":[149],"unique":[150],"features,":[151],"even":[152],"under":[153],"challenging":[154],"conditions.":[155],"investigation":[157],"constitutes":[158],"significant":[160],"advancement":[161],"toward":[162],"optimizing":[163],"algorithms":[166],"sensing,":[169],"opening":[170],"wealth":[172],"opportunities":[174],"future":[176],"research":[177],"development.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
