{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384341654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143531","title":"Dynamic Vegetation Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes over the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River Basin, China","display_name":"Dynamic Vegetation Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes over the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River Basin, China","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384341654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3531/pdf?version=1689237707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3531/pdf?version=1689237707","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052402886","display_name":"Tingxiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-6647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202028630","display_name":"Changchun Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbhey71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202028630"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingxiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202028630"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459291","display_name":"Qiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-1891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021446792","display_name":"Tiantian Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101569300","display_name":"Kaiwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4765-0831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100459291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.7481,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96265105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"14","first_page":"3531","last_page":"3531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11594","display_name":"Tree-ring climate responses","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7259817123413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.6622514724731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.6519815921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.6450240612030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.48496437072753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.45896247029304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-basin","display_name":"Drainage basin","score":0.4562588334083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4385243058204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-mongolia","display_name":"Inner mongolia","score":0.4267706573009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.4209124445915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.3797402083873749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.36375921964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.3213965594768524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1879902184009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15761855244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1338690221309662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7259817123413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6622514724731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.6519815921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6450240612030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.48496437072753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.45896247029304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.4562588334083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4385243058204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017660400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41079","display_name":"Inner mongolia","level":3,"score":0.4267706573009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.4209124445915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.3797402083873749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.36375921964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3213965594768524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1879902184009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15761855244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1338690221309662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3531/pdf?version=1689237707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:046711e2e5724ad3ac60161061678d2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/046711e2e5724ad3ac60161061678d2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 14, p 3531 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/14/3531/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 14; Pages: 3531","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3531/pdf?version=1689237707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384341654.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008745681","https://openalex.org/W2022934840","https://openalex.org/W2034672914","https://openalex.org/W2051159954","https://openalex.org/W2052479643","https://openalex.org/W2096682311","https://openalex.org/W2107690183","https://openalex.org/W2133850095","https://openalex.org/W2151454884","https://openalex.org/W2161647517","https://openalex.org/W2172841134","https://openalex.org/W2200177631","https://openalex.org/W2283727311","https://openalex.org/W2336426693","https://openalex.org/W2518198314","https://openalex.org/W2582977415","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2741560551","https://openalex.org/W2747222850","https://openalex.org/W2767157054","https://openalex.org/W2800527172","https://openalex.org/W2811284901","https://openalex.org/W2885696803","https://openalex.org/W2908213433","https://openalex.org/W2912077313","https://openalex.org/W2991848483","https://openalex.org/W2998407376","https://openalex.org/W3014395776","https://openalex.org/W3081293412","https://openalex.org/W3087018190","https://openalex.org/W3090920376","https://openalex.org/W3092072004","https://openalex.org/W3121405028","https://openalex.org/W3124397620","https://openalex.org/W3130461578","https://openalex.org/W3138143104","https://openalex.org/W3148071517","https://openalex.org/W3188524028","https://openalex.org/W3201791598","https://openalex.org/W3208592337","https://openalex.org/W3213426859","https://openalex.org/W4200578560","https://openalex.org/W4206501639","https://openalex.org/W4220698787","https://openalex.org/W4223623668","https://openalex.org/W4283578833","https://openalex.org/W4284962752","https://openalex.org/W4285083897","https://openalex.org/W4285593880","https://openalex.org/W4304092748","https://openalex.org/W4308513650","https://openalex.org/W4310396557","https://openalex.org/W4319311840","https://openalex.org/W4321352045","https://openalex.org/W7019859633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378285159","https://openalex.org/W2385652570","https://openalex.org/W2362692267","https://openalex.org/W1968798131","https://openalex.org/W2493404122","https://openalex.org/W2353308893","https://openalex.org/W2367233862","https://openalex.org/W2533078832","https://openalex.org/W2353148333","https://openalex.org/W2357367154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ecological":[0],"protection":[1],"and":[2,19,62,69,102,108,111,169,178,207,217,252],"high-quality":[3],"development":[4],"of":[5,30,47,115,155,175,184,195,201,237,284],"the":[6,31,45,48,95,120,134,234,255,259,263,270,282],"Yellow":[7,32],"River":[8,33],"Basin":[9,34],"(YRB),":[10],"China,":[11],"aroused":[12],"remarkable":[13],"concerns":[14],"from":[15,267],"China\u2019s":[16],"Central":[17],"Government,":[18],"has":[20],"been":[21,53],"a":[22,37,128,224],"major":[23],"national":[24],"strategy.":[25],"The":[26,124,181,199],"Inner":[27],"Mongolia":[28],"reach":[29],"(IM-YRB)":[35],"is":[36],"typical":[38],"dryland":[39,278],"with":[40,172],"pervasive":[41],"vegetation":[42,76,99,122,228,279],"restoration":[43,265,280],"through":[44],"actions":[46],"ecological":[49],"projects":[50],"that":[51,148,194],"have":[52],"conducted":[54],"in":[55,78,143,152,227,242],"recent":[56],"years.":[57],"However,":[58],"how":[59],"climate":[60,285],"changes":[61,151,212,241,246],"human":[63],"activities,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66,133,239],"land":[67,70],"use":[68],"cover":[71],"(LULC)":[72],"changes,":[73,110,229],"jointly":[74],"impact":[75],"variations":[77],"this":[79,156],"region":[80,158],"remains":[81],"poorly":[82],"understood.":[83],"Here,":[84],"using":[85],"an":[86],"explainable":[87],"machine":[88],"learning":[89],"technique,":[90],"we":[91],"evaluated":[92],"linkages":[93],"between":[94],"kernel":[96],"normalized":[97],"difference":[98],"index":[100],"(kNDVI)":[101],"air":[103,202],"temperature,":[104,163,203],"precipitation,":[105,204],"soil":[106,170,205],"moisture,":[107,171,206],"LULC":[109,136,189,208,253],"relevant":[112],"marginal":[113],"contributions":[114,200],"these":[116],"four":[117],"drivers":[118],"to":[119,139,162,167,188,193,209],"observed":[121],"changes.":[123],"grassland":[125,264],"fraction":[126,183],"on":[127],"pixel":[129],"level":[130],"was":[131,190,231],"selected":[132],"quantitative":[135],"variable":[137],"due":[138],"its":[140],"key":[141],"role":[142,226],"regional":[144],"LULC.":[145],"We":[146],"found":[147],"interannual":[149,240],"kNDVI":[150,186,197,211,238,245,260],"most":[153],"areas":[154],"study":[157],"were":[159,213],"negatively":[160],"sensitive":[161,166],"but":[164],"positively":[165],"precipitation":[168],"area":[173,182],"fractions":[174],"71.74%,":[176],"96.93%,":[177],"89.33%,":[179],"respectively.":[180,219],"negative":[185],"sensitivity":[187],"roughly":[191],"equivalent":[192],"positive":[196],"sensitivity.":[198],"overall":[210],"21.54%,":[214],"33.32%,":[215],"32.19%,":[216],"12.95%,":[218],"Moisture":[220],"conditions":[221],"also":[222,248],"play":[223],"critical":[225],"which":[230],"reflected":[232],"by":[233,250],"fluctuating":[235],"growth":[236],"precipitation.":[243],"Nonetheless,":[244],"are":[247],"affected":[249],"LULC,":[251],"became":[254],"dominant":[256],"factor":[257],"behind":[258],"anomalies":[261],"over":[262,269],"regions":[266],"barren":[268],"IM-YRB.":[271],"This":[272],"research":[273],"provides":[274],"theoretical":[275],"support":[276],"for":[277],"under":[281],"influence":[283],"change.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2023-07-15T00:00:00"}
