{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383877368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143473","title":"Long-Range Perception System for Road Boundaries and Objects Detection in Trains","display_name":"Long-Range Perception System for Road Boundaries and Objects Detection in Trains","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383877368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3473/pdf?version=1688979500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3473/pdf?version=1688979500","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920502","display_name":"Wenbo Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-2914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126257","display_name":"CRRC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/033g21894","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Shidai Road, Zhuzhou 412001, China","Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China","The School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Shidai Road, Zhuzhou 412001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020317972","display_name":"Xianghua Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianghua Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China","The School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, 98 Hongshan Road, Changsha 410022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114778203","display_name":"Hongbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4050-1755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126257","display_name":"CRRC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/033g21894","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Shidai Road, Zhuzhou 412001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Shidai Road, Zhuzhou 412001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104141868","display_name":"Kai He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126257","display_name":"CRRC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/033g21894","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai He","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Shidai Road, Zhuzhou 412001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Shidai Road, Zhuzhou 412001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020317972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.5094,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59380198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"14","first_page":"3473","last_page":"3473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7146284580230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.542926013469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5106719136238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4617801606655121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.436676949262619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.403106689453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39671987295150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3252546787261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2235965132713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20799237489700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18521153926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1561906933784485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7146284580230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.542926013469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5106719136238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4617801606655121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.436676949262619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.403106689453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39671987295150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3252546787261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2235965132713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20799237489700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18521153926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1561906933784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3473/pdf?version=1688979500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a216a7df619c4146ba7024fd26ba88e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a216a7df619c4146ba7024fd26ba88e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 14, p 3473 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/14/3473/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 14; Pages: 3473","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3473/pdf?version=1688979500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5112017359","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5210120159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383877368.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978226972","https://openalex.org/W2047721739","https://openalex.org/W2189105799","https://openalex.org/W2296150501","https://openalex.org/W2523883273","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2637275751","https://openalex.org/W2734871193","https://openalex.org/W2750664237","https://openalex.org/W2792919579","https://openalex.org/W2797463980","https://openalex.org/W2889371341","https://openalex.org/W2901642215","https://openalex.org/W2902980683","https://openalex.org/W2940664476","https://openalex.org/W2973595938","https://openalex.org/W3100435238","https://openalex.org/W3111535274","https://openalex.org/W3112752290","https://openalex.org/W3134772664","https://openalex.org/W3153465022","https://openalex.org/W3172931637","https://openalex.org/W3184176824","https://openalex.org/W4247420291","https://openalex.org/W4290998833","https://openalex.org/W4313583380","https://openalex.org/W6727758559","https://openalex.org/W6785493654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W618248309","https://openalex.org/W2377336366","https://openalex.org/W1568097102","https://openalex.org/W4390419160","https://openalex.org/W1601203902","https://openalex.org/W2075798043","https://openalex.org/W2102464536","https://openalex.org/W4225671779","https://openalex.org/W2361332776","https://openalex.org/W2248934910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,55,88,213,218,235,241,258],"long-range":[4,45,56,73],"sensing":[5,38],"system":[6,58,70,260,277],"based":[7,65,140,195],"on":[8,66,141,181,196,264],"millimeter-wave":[9,67,74],"radar,":[10],"which":[11,123],"is":[12,121],"used":[13,102,149],"to":[14,25,107,162,186,228,250],"detect":[15,280,295],"the":[16,26,78,103,118,125,142,145,150,166,169,182,188,192,197,202,206,251,265,269,276,281,290,298],"roadside":[17],"boundaries":[18,62],"and":[19,29,63,99,101,135,158,164,178,190,199,205,233,240,261,292,296],"track":[20,97,184,297],"trains":[21,64],"for":[22,44,59,77,222,267],"trains.":[23],"Due":[24],"high":[27],"speed":[28,200,237],"long":[30],"braking":[31],"distance":[32],"of":[33,82,113,117,144,201,225,289],"trains,":[34],"existing":[35],"commercial":[36],"vehicle":[37],"solutions":[39],"cannot":[40],"meet":[41],"their":[42],"needs":[43],"target":[46,132,137,171],"detection.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"this":[50,52],"challenge,":[51],"study":[53],"proposes":[54],"perception":[57,259],"detecting":[60],"road":[61,151,242,282],"radar.":[68],"The":[69,210],"uses":[71],"high-resolution,":[72],"radar":[75,126,183,230],"customized":[76],"strong":[79],"scattering":[80,90,105,220],"environment":[81],"rail":[83,226,252],"transit.":[84],"First,":[85],"we":[86,175],"established":[87],"multipath":[89,219],"theory":[91,221],"in":[92,168],"complex":[93,223],"scenes":[94,224],"such":[95],"as":[96,256],"tunnels":[98],"fences":[100],"azimuth":[104],"characteristics":[106],"eliminate":[108,229],"false":[109,231],"detections.":[110],"A":[111],"set":[112],"accurate":[114],"calculation":[115],"methods":[116],"train\u2019s":[119],"ego-velocity":[120,143],"proposed,":[122],"divides":[124],"detection":[127,232],"point":[128,133,138,172,245],"clouds":[129,134,139],"into":[130],"static":[131,170],"dynamic":[136],"train.":[146,299],"We":[147],"then":[148],"boundary":[152,167,208,243,283],"curvature,":[153],"global":[154],"geometric":[155],"parallel":[156],"information,":[157],"multi-frame":[159],"information":[160,185],"fusion":[161],"extract":[163],"fit":[165],"stably.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"performed":[176],"clustering":[177],"shape":[179],"estimation":[180,238],"identify":[187],"train":[189,204,236,266,291],"judge":[191],"collision":[193],"risk":[194],"position":[198],"detected":[203],"extracted":[207],"information.":[209],"paper":[211],"makes":[212],"significant":[214],"contribution":[215],"by":[216],"establishing":[217],"transit":[227],"proposing":[234],"strategy":[239],"feature":[244],"extraction":[246],"method":[247],"that":[248,275],"adapt":[249],"environment.":[253],"As":[254],"well":[255],"building":[257],"installing":[262],"it":[263],"verification,":[268],"main":[270],"line":[271],"test":[272],"results":[273],"showed":[274],"can":[278,293],"reliably":[279],"more":[284],"than":[285],"400":[286],"m":[287],"ahead":[288],"stably":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
