{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382982096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133366","title":"Shallow-Guided Transformer for Semantic Segmentation of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery","display_name":"Shallow-Guided Transformer for Semantic Segmentation of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382982096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15133366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3366/pdf?version=1688387897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3366/pdf?version=1688387897","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650498","display_name":"Yuhan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714941","display_name":"Pengyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5443-5910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006941577","display_name":"Jiechen Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiechen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Innovation and Development Base (Centre), Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Innovation and Development Base (Centre), Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018403739","display_name":"Kaijian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-0455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93477617","display_name":"Huizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q3s7962","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93477617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93477617"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030512610","display_name":"Qingyun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingyun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030512610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.6637,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91177768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"13","first_page":"3366","last_page":"3366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7699803709983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6903878450393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.624881386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6154844760894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6046469807624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.600109875202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47883132100105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4663875102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45644763112068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3440699279308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07446160912513733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7699803709983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6903878450393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.624881386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6154844760894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6046469807624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.600109875202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47883132100105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4663875102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45644763112068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3440699279308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07446160912513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15133366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3366/pdf?version=1688387897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e432fc100a14871bbd32489389649e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e432fc100a14871bbd32489389649e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 13, p 3366 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/13/3366/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15133366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 13; Pages: 3366","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15133366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3366/pdf?version=1688387897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1559394820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1523142301011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","funder_display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009049029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Startup","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4723729530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KLSMNR-G202206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316090","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5226741331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42001362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8126170492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316090","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324849","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382982096.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2735039185","https://openalex.org/W2808098982","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2893801697","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W3000554425","https://openalex.org/W3010688453","https://openalex.org/W3105357426","https://openalex.org/W3105636206","https://openalex.org/W3128776197","https://openalex.org/W3137278571","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3150573203","https://openalex.org/W3157528469","https://openalex.org/W3164208409","https://openalex.org/W3165209762","https://openalex.org/W3166285241","https://openalex.org/W3172304795","https://openalex.org/W3175515048","https://openalex.org/W3184654054","https://openalex.org/W3200075728","https://openalex.org/W3205965083","https://openalex.org/W3211490618","https://openalex.org/W3214821343","https://openalex.org/W4205886585","https://openalex.org/W4214893857","https://openalex.org/W4226224676","https://openalex.org/W4226277663","https://openalex.org/W4226334005","https://openalex.org/W4285007901","https://openalex.org/W4285303509","https://openalex.org/W4312393630","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312556441","https://openalex.org/W4312743284","https://openalex.org/W4312820606","https://openalex.org/W4312881242","https://openalex.org/W4313048911","https://openalex.org/W4378082492","https://openalex.org/W4386076556","https://openalex.org/W6794345597","https://openalex.org/W6795463671","https://openalex.org/W6797399245","https://openalex.org/W6797691975","https://openalex.org/W6802298689","https://openalex.org/W6839363971","https://openalex.org/W6847206083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"achieved":[5],"great":[6],"progress":[7],"in":[8,34,49,62],"the":[9,20,53,69,75,122],"classification":[10],"of":[11,22,57,71],"surface":[12,47],"objects":[13,48],"with":[14,29,85,99,166],"hyperspectral":[15,46,63,155],"data,":[16],"but":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,44,112,126,137],"limitations":[21],"convolutional":[23],"operations,":[24],"CNNs":[25],"cannot":[26],"effectively":[27],"interact":[28],"contextual":[30],"information.":[31],"Transformer":[32,58,73,93,98,124],"succeeds":[33],"solving":[35],"this":[36],"problem,":[37],"and":[38,107,116,120,143],"thus":[39],"has":[40,162],"been":[41],"widely":[42],"used":[43],"classify":[45],"recent":[50],"years.":[51],"However,":[52],"huge":[54],"computational":[55],"load":[56],"poses":[59],"a":[60,91,102,108,134],"challenge":[61],"semantic":[64,145],"segmentation":[65],"tasks.":[66],"In":[67],"addition,":[68],"use":[70],"single":[72],"discards":[74],"local":[76],"correlation,":[77],"making":[78],"it":[79],"ineffective":[80],"for":[81],"remote":[82],"sensing":[83],"tasks":[84],"small":[86],"datasets.":[87],"Therefore,":[88],"we":[89,131],"propose":[90],"new":[92],"layered":[94],"architecture":[95],"that":[96,158],"combines":[97],"CNN,":[100,169],"adopts":[101],"feature":[103],"dimensionality":[104],"reduction":[105],"module":[106,111],"Transformer-style":[109],"CNN":[110],"extract":[113,127],"shallow":[114,139],"features":[115,146],"construct":[117],"texture":[118],"constraints,":[119],"employs":[121],"original":[123],"Encoder":[125],"deep":[128,144],"features.":[129],"Furthermore,":[130],"also":[132],"designed":[133],"simple":[135],"Decoder":[136],"process":[138],"spatial":[140],"detail":[141],"information":[142],"separately.":[147],"Experimental":[148],"results":[149],"based":[150],"on":[151],"three":[152],"publicly":[153],"available":[154],"datasets":[156],"show":[157],"our":[159],"proposed":[160],"method":[161],"significant":[163],"advantages":[164],"compared":[165],"other":[167],"traditional":[168],"Transformer-type":[170],"models.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2023-07-04T00:00:00"}