{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380877658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123131","title":"Multilayer Data and Artificial Intelligence for the Delineation of Homogeneous Management Zones in Maize Cultivation","display_name":"Multilayer Data and Artificial Intelligence for the Delineation of Homogeneous Management Zones in Maize Cultivation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380877658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3131/pdf?version=1686912646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3131/pdf?version=1686912646","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092182546","display_name":"Diego Jos\u00e9 Gallardo-Romero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Jos\u00e9 Gallardo-Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Aeroespacial y Mec\u00e1nica de Fluidos \u201c\u00c1rea Agroforestal\u201d, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Aeroespacial y Mec\u00e1nica de Fluidos \u201c\u00c1rea Agroforestal\u201d, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087371998","display_name":"Orly Enrique Apolo-Apolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-0579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orly Enrique Apolo-Apolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Blok B, 1st Floor, 9000 Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Blok B, 1st Floor, 9000 Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019379379","display_name":"Jorge Mart\u00ednez-Guanter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-816X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Mart\u00ednez-Guanter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corteva Agriscience, 41309 La Rinconada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corteva Agriscience, 41309 La Rinconada, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062287855","display_name":"Manuel P\u00e9rez Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-1572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel P\u00e9rez-Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Blok B, 1st Floor, 9000 Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Blok B, 1st Floor, 9000 Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062287855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9237,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90272749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"3131","last_page":"3131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.6426985859870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6103302836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5808092951774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5754337906837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5302352905273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5255110263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.5019316673278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45356225967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4486600458621979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4378568232059479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.42117932438850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3909730613231659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32758426666259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.1814095675945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08869600296020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08101040124893188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.6426985859870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6103302836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5808092951774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5754337906837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5302352905273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5255110263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5019316673278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45356225967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4486600458621979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4378568232059479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.42117932438850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3909730613231659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32758426666259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.1814095675945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08869600296020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08101040124893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3131/pdf?version=1686912646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8a13d01f2a24d3ea9ac99a9c1dd3aae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8a13d01f2a24d3ea9ac99a9c1dd3aae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 12, p 3131 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/12/3131/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15123131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 12; Pages: 3131","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3131/pdf?version=1686912646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380877658.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506242117","https://openalex.org/W1740603988","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1985555755","https://openalex.org/W1986239368","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2000613913","https://openalex.org/W2008864715","https://openalex.org/W2011010318","https://openalex.org/W2011325105","https://openalex.org/W2014135353","https://openalex.org/W2017116094","https://openalex.org/W2027074359","https://openalex.org/W2037793448","https://openalex.org/W2041397665","https://openalex.org/W2045269790","https://openalex.org/W2059523177","https://openalex.org/W2074464158","https://openalex.org/W2074840499","https://openalex.org/W2086760640","https://openalex.org/W2102134956","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2116825089","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2135198734","https://openalex.org/W2140405352","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2161336914","https://openalex.org/W2166516660","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2562801653","https://openalex.org/W2642667162","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2803180076","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914859151","https://openalex.org/W2921701549","https://openalex.org/W2946196204","https://openalex.org/W2947988230","https://openalex.org/W2955786261","https://openalex.org/W2971480543","https://openalex.org/W2996892455","https://openalex.org/W3007133930","https://openalex.org/W3009752764","https://openalex.org/W3010003004","https://openalex.org/W3015631257","https://openalex.org/W3016380941","https://openalex.org/W3022096155","https://openalex.org/W3023058341","https://openalex.org/W3082766779","https://openalex.org/W3106881551","https://openalex.org/W3107474062","https://openalex.org/W3213876442","https://openalex.org/W3217571558","https://openalex.org/W4210712452","https://openalex.org/W4211256381","https://openalex.org/W4254612140","https://openalex.org/W4280566959","https://openalex.org/W4282010256","https://openalex.org/W4295177567","https://openalex.org/W4299436535","https://openalex.org/W4310346532","https://openalex.org/W4312176112","https://openalex.org/W4319289039","https://openalex.org/W6637798344","https://openalex.org/W6659635179","https://openalex.org/W6740577070","https://openalex.org/W6749040057","https://openalex.org/W6774395433","https://openalex.org/W6777385994","https://openalex.org/W6838248735","https://openalex.org/W6849296793","https://openalex.org/W6941431140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379536929","https://openalex.org/W3208169454","https://openalex.org/W1996541855","https://openalex.org/W3100297620","https://openalex.org/W3211193619","https://openalex.org/W4382701299","https://openalex.org/W4212956667","https://openalex.org/W2955385375","https://openalex.org/W4296081764","https://openalex.org/W3195168932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variable":[0],"rate":[1],"application":[2],"(VRA)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5],"crucial":[6],"tool":[7],"in":[8,65],"precision":[9],"agriculture,":[10],"utilizing":[11],"platforms":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"Google":[15],"Earth":[16],"Engine":[17],"(GEE)":[18],"to":[19,67,87,101,121],"access":[20],"vast":[21],"satellite":[22,76],"image":[23],"datasets":[24],"and":[25,57,61,78,91,108,129],"employ":[26],"machine":[27,50],"learning":[28],"(ML)":[29],"techniques":[30],"for":[31,111],"data":[32],"processing.":[33],"This":[34,119],"research":[35],"investigates":[36],"the":[37,47,104],"feasibility":[38],"of":[39,106],"implementing":[40],"supervised":[41],"ML":[42,109],"models":[43,83,110],"(random":[44],"forest":[45],"(RF),":[46],"support":[48],"vector":[49],"(SVM),":[51],"gradient":[52],"boosting":[53],"trees":[54,59],"(GBT),":[55],"classification":[56,97],"regression":[58],"(CART))":[60],"unsupervised":[62],"k-means":[63],"clustering":[64],"GEE":[66,107],"generate":[68],"accurate":[69],"management":[70],"zones":[71],"(MZs).":[72],"By":[73],"leveraging":[74],"Sentinel-2":[75],"imagery":[77],"yielding":[79],"monitor":[80,88],"data,":[81],"these":[82],"calculate":[84],"vegetation":[85],"indices":[86],"crop":[89],"health":[90],"reveal":[92],"hidden":[93],"patterns.":[94],"The":[95],"achieved":[96],"accuracy":[98],"values":[99],"(0.67":[100],"0.99)":[102],"highlight":[103],"potential":[105],"creating":[112],"precise":[113],"MZs,":[114],"enabling":[115],"subsequent":[116],"VRA":[117],"implementation.":[118],"leads":[120],"enhanced":[122],"farm":[123],"profitability,":[124],"improved":[125],"natural":[126],"resource":[127],"efficiency,":[128],"reduced":[130],"environmental":[131],"impact.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2023-06-17T00:00:00"}
