{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380683319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123097","title":"Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of Aboveground Biomass in Desert Steppes of Inner Mongolia, China in the Past 20 Years","display_name":"Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of Aboveground Biomass in Desert Steppes of Inner Mongolia, China in the Past 20 Years","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380683319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123097","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3097/pdf?version=1686714356","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3097/pdf?version=1686714356","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008181168","display_name":"Nitu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-7521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046553993","display_name":"Guixiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0033-9824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156847","display_name":"Institute of Grassland Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmpjr08","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210156847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guixiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156847","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020538176","display_name":"Deji Wuyun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5890-1758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108914","display_name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrzdp21","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deji Wuyun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079328755","display_name":"Bole Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bole Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050034595","display_name":"Wala Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3245-1398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156847","display_name":"Institute of Grassland Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmpjr08","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210156847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wala Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156847","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030835959","display_name":"Guodong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-3607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030835959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4532,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88162094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"3097","last_page":"3097"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steppe","display_name":"Steppe","score":0.7627816200256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6328806281089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.5834237933158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-mongolia","display_name":"Inner mongolia","score":0.569020688533783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5066528916358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.48499032855033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.43639710545539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.432107150554657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4320465624332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.4160909354686737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.31031277775764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.25770339369773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.22371196746826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08238634467124939}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105895522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123991","display_name":"Steppe","level":2,"score":0.7627816200256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6328806281089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.5834237933158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017660400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41079","display_name":"Inner mongolia","level":3,"score":0.569020688533783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5066528916358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.48499032855033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.43639710545539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.432107150554657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4320465624332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4160909354686737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.31031277775764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25770339369773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.22371196746826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08238634467124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123097","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3097/pdf?version=1686714356","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:603a33732d5344518163087dba878f57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/603a33732d5344518163087dba878f57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 12, p 3097 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/12/3097/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15123097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 12; Pages: 3097","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123097","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3097/pdf?version=1686714356","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5986206885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRT_17R59","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380683319.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581231885","https://openalex.org/W1582302930","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1972023766","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2003443073","https://openalex.org/W2011010318","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2016402392","https://openalex.org/W2021603915","https://openalex.org/W2032853171","https://openalex.org/W2040632673","https://openalex.org/W2050928548","https://openalex.org/W2054865978","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2073503722","https://openalex.org/W2091493105","https://openalex.org/W2094420085","https://openalex.org/W2095335293","https://openalex.org/W2113249705","https://openalex.org/W2127276509","https://openalex.org/W2142266959","https://openalex.org/W2150707256","https://openalex.org/W2158268769","https://openalex.org/W2188767531","https://openalex.org/W2206416271","https://openalex.org/W2261645655","https://openalex.org/W2419137750","https://openalex.org/W2467371573","https://openalex.org/W2488702363","https://openalex.org/W2508621980","https://openalex.org/W2523052713","https://openalex.org/W2592784952","https://openalex.org/W2737103927","https://openalex.org/W2746921521","https://openalex.org/W2765453548","https://openalex.org/W2791757920","https://openalex.org/W2796034401","https://openalex.org/W2805360922","https://openalex.org/W2901914797","https://openalex.org/W2902212390","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2921122163","https://openalex.org/W2942586472","https://openalex.org/W2950294063","https://openalex.org/W2953618017","https://openalex.org/W2972230039","https://openalex.org/W2976697151","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3030499333","https://openalex.org/W3034105736","https://openalex.org/W3080728808","https://openalex.org/W3090873175","https://openalex.org/W3130219998","https://openalex.org/W3136179920","https://openalex.org/W3144237733","https://openalex.org/W3187883086","https://openalex.org/W3192393044","https://openalex.org/W3205027094","https://openalex.org/W4200365464","https://openalex.org/W4214747034","https://openalex.org/W4220861450","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4283024644","https://openalex.org/W6750132206","https://openalex.org/W6799436884","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378285159","https://openalex.org/W2385652570","https://openalex.org/W2362692267","https://openalex.org/W1968798131","https://openalex.org/W2493404122","https://openalex.org/W2353308893","https://openalex.org/W2367233862","https://openalex.org/W2533078832","https://openalex.org/W3164947926","https://openalex.org/W2393022204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,157],"desert":[1,21,52,63,183,327],"steppe":[2,22,53,64,184,328],"serves":[3],"as":[4,69,160],"a":[5,237],"transitional":[6],"zone":[7],"between":[8,202],"grasslands":[9],"and":[10,12,38,73,84,89,112,136,143,172,196,205,211,266,276,287,293,296,331],"deserts,":[11],"long-term":[13],"monitoring":[14,47,329],"of":[15,65,95,128,140,169,185,261,282,316,335],"aboveground":[16],"biomass":[17],"(AGB)":[18],"in":[19,117,167,181,229,270],"the":[20,51,62,70,93,122,125,137,153,182,191,194,218,225,230,243,247,259,271,280,299,309,317,332],"is":[23],"essential":[24],"for":[25,50,178,325],"understanding":[26],"grassland":[27,262,283,336],"changes.":[28],"While":[29],"AGB":[30,118,129,147,179,228,264,285,314],"observation":[31],"techniques":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34,46,61,121,146,217],"multisource":[35],"remote-sensing":[36],"data":[37],"machine-learning":[39,99],"algorithms":[40],"have":[41],"been":[42,308],"widely":[43],"applied,":[44],"research":[45,321],"methods":[48],"specifically":[49],"remains":[54],"limited.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"study,":[58],"we":[59],"focused":[60],"Inner":[66,186],"Mongolia,":[67],"China,":[68],"study":[71,231,272,318],"area":[72,232,273],"used":[74,98],"field":[75],"sampling":[76],"data,":[77,79],"MODIS":[78],"MODIS-based":[80],"vegetation":[81],"indices":[82],"(VI),":[83],"environmental":[85],"factors":[86],"(topography,":[87],"climate,":[88],"soil)":[90],"to":[91,132,193,223,246,252,257],"compare":[92],"performance":[94,166],"four":[96],"commonly":[97],"algorithms:":[100],"multiple":[101],"linear":[102],"regression":[103,107],"(MLR),":[104],"partial":[105],"least-squares":[106],"(PLS),":[108],"random":[109,154],"forest":[110,155],"(RF),":[111],"support":[113],"vector":[114],"machine":[115],"(SVM)":[116],"estimation.":[119],"Based":[120],"optimal":[123],"model,":[124,195],"spatial\u2013temporal":[126],"characteristics":[127],"from":[130,221,242,255],"2000":[131,222,256],"2020":[133],"were":[134,149,274,291],"calculated,":[135],"driving":[138,311],"forces":[139],"climate":[141,303],"change":[142],"human":[144],"activities":[145],"changes":[148,315],"quantitatively":[150],"analyzed":[151],"using":[152],"algorithm.":[156],"results":[158],"are":[159],"follows:":[161],"(1)":[162],"RF":[163],"demonstrated":[164],"outstanding":[165],"terms":[168],"prediction":[170],"accuracy":[171],"model":[173],"robustness,":[174],"making":[175],"it":[176],"suitable":[177],"estimation":[180],"Mongolia;":[187],"(2)":[188],"VI":[189],"contributed":[190],"most":[192],"no":[197],"significant":[198],"difference":[199],"was":[200,233],"found":[201],"soil-adjusted":[203],"VIs":[204],"traditional":[206],"VIs.":[207],"Elevation,":[208],"slope,":[209],"precipitation,":[210,306],"temperature":[212],"all":[213],"had":[214],"positive":[215],"effects":[216],"model;":[219],"(3)":[220],"2020,":[224,258],"multiyear":[226],"average":[227],"58.34":[234],"g/m2,":[235],"exhibiting":[236],"gradually":[238],"increasing":[239,268],"distribution":[240],"pattern":[241],"inner":[244],"region":[245,249],"outer":[248],"(from":[250],"north":[251],"south);":[253],"(4)":[254],"proportions":[260,281],"with":[263,284],"slightly":[265,286],"significantly":[267,288],"trend":[269,290],"87.08%":[275],"5.13%,":[277],"respectively,":[278],"while":[279],"decreasing":[289],"7.76%":[292],"0.05%,":[294],"respectively;":[295],"(5)":[297],"over":[298],"past":[300],"20":[301],"years,":[302],"change,":[304],"particularly":[305],"has":[307],"primary":[310],"force":[312],"behind":[313],"area.":[319],"This":[320],"holds":[322],"reference":[323],"value":[324],"improving":[326],"capabilities":[330],"rational":[333],"planning":[334],"resources.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2023-06-15T00:00:00"}
