{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380683342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123096","title":"Monitoring Urban Change in Conflict from the Perspective of Optical and SAR Satellites: The Case of Mariupol, a City in the Conflict between RUS and UKR","display_name":"Monitoring Urban Change in Conflict from the Perspective of Optical and SAR Satellites: The Case of Mariupol, a City in the Conflict between RUS and UKR","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380683342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3096/pdf?version=1686665706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3096/pdf?version=1686665706","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068103227","display_name":"Qihao Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005825479","display_name":"Guowang Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6626-8101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guowang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085036181","display_name":"Xin Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-4207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427161","display_name":"Hao Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-1768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104129519","display_name":"Yuzhi Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005825479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9771,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92153727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"3096","last_page":"3096"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6948911547660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5664970874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battlefield","display_name":"Battlefield","score":0.5059012770652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3688351809978485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17803531885147095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6948911547660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5664970874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.5059012770652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3688351809978485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17803531885147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3096/pdf?version=1686665706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fc96990ee214cc1a367f74599084366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fc96990ee214cc1a367f74599084366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 12, p 3096 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/12/3096/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15123096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 12; Pages: 3096","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15123096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/12/3096/pdf?version=1686665706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1016901432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201492","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3233134163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41474010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5392370244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41474010, 61401509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967749101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380683342.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977568612","https://openalex.org/W1980058571","https://openalex.org/W2052246426","https://openalex.org/W2088036035","https://openalex.org/W2093961399","https://openalex.org/W2099821802","https://openalex.org/W2151159080","https://openalex.org/W2171063743","https://openalex.org/W2382375477","https://openalex.org/W2401246392","https://openalex.org/W2599438231","https://openalex.org/W2618085769","https://openalex.org/W2740326421","https://openalex.org/W2792169237","https://openalex.org/W2799087793","https://openalex.org/W2807315121","https://openalex.org/W2811044316","https://openalex.org/W2920067315","https://openalex.org/W2946779069","https://openalex.org/W3045331167","https://openalex.org/W3135373917","https://openalex.org/W3194343694","https://openalex.org/W4213237193","https://openalex.org/W4302290795","https://openalex.org/W4310983658","https://openalex.org/W4311995751","https://openalex.org/W4313404312","https://openalex.org/W4317717603","https://openalex.org/W6709934070","https://openalex.org/W6760048400","https://openalex.org/W6848588427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1984179778","https://openalex.org/W2363573290","https://openalex.org/W2387459700","https://openalex.org/W2362261179","https://openalex.org/W2383940993","https://openalex.org/W2354389285","https://openalex.org/W2387678935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"armed":[1,108,196],"conflicts":[2],"can":[3,199],"cause":[4],"serious":[5],"humanitarian":[6,207],"disasters,":[7],"and":[8,18,75,79,111,121,133,144,160,182,198],"remote":[9,179],"sensing":[10,180],"technology":[11],"is":[12,35,64,103,114,136],"critical":[13],"in":[14,42,106,142,151],"monitoring":[15],"war":[16],"crimes":[17],"assessing":[19],"post-war":[20],"damage.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,172],"study,":[24],"a":[25,163],"constrained":[26],"energy":[27],"minimization":[28],"algorithm":[29],"incorporating":[30],"the":[31,47,51,56,58,68,76,82,90,94,100,107,112,118,139,149,152,186,192],"feature":[32],"bands":[33],"(IFB-CEM)":[34],"designed":[36,65],"to":[37,46,188,191],"detect":[38],"urban":[39,85],"burning":[40,101,125,167],"areas":[41],"optical":[43],"images.":[44],"Due":[45],"difficulty":[48],"of":[49,55,81,84,148,171,195],"obtaining":[50],"ground":[52],"survey":[53],"data":[54,181],"battlefield,":[57],"dual-polarization":[59],"normalized":[60],"coherence":[61],"index":[62],"(DPNCI)":[63],"based":[66],"on":[67,93],"multi-temporal":[69],"synthetic":[70],"aperture":[71],"radar":[72],"(SAR)":[73],"image,":[74],"quantitative":[77],"inversion":[78],"evaluation":[80],"destruction":[83],"architecture":[86],"are":[87],"combined":[88],"with":[89,138,166,206],"public":[91],"images":[92],"Internet.":[95],"The":[96,124,169],"results":[97,170],"show":[98,174],"that":[99,175],"area":[102,126],"widely":[104],"distributed":[105],"conflict":[109,140,197],"region,":[110],"distribution":[113],"most":[115],"concentrated":[116],"around":[117,130],"Azovstal":[119],"steel":[120],"iron":[122],"works.":[123],"reached":[127],"its":[128,134],"peak":[129],"22":[131],"March,":[132],"change":[135],"consistent":[137],"process":[141],"time":[143],"space.":[145],"About":[146],"79.2%":[147],"buildings":[150],"city":[153],"were":[154],"severely":[155],"damaged":[156],"or":[157],"completely":[158],"destroyed,":[159],"there":[161],"was":[162],"significant":[164],"correlation":[165],"exposure.":[168],"study":[173],"publicly":[176],"available":[177],"medium-resolution":[178],"Internet":[183],"information":[184,203],"have":[185],"ability":[187],"respond":[189],"quickly":[190],"damage":[193],"assessment":[194],"provide":[200],"preliminary":[201],"reference":[202],"for":[204],"dealing":[205],"disasters.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2023-06-15T00:00:00"}
