{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378588795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112799","title":"In Situ Calibration and Trajectory Enhancement of UAV and Backpack LiDAR Systems for Fine-Resolution Forest Inventory","display_name":"In Situ Calibration and Trajectory Enhancement of UAV and Backpack LiDAR Systems for Fine-Resolution Forest Inventory","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378588795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112799","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2799/pdf?version=1685338672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2799/pdf?version=1685338672","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008917725","display_name":"Tian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-4090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019519410","display_name":"Radhika Ravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7673-7012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radhika Ravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010621410","display_name":"Yi-Chun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3564-372X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041513344","display_name":"Raja Manish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-8600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja Manish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032832468","display_name":"Songlin Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-0166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songlin Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051952251","display_name":"Ayman Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-5951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051952251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8395,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83448351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2799","last_page":"2799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7534753084182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7052159309387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.7035266160964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6808247566223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6757403612136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5779953002929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5764366984367371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.5002086162567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4708791673183441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44216105341911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4217250943183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2703680992126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11924475431442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10704970359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.09491315484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07809707522392273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7534753084182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7052159309387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7035266160964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6808247566223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6757403612136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5779953002929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5764366984367371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.5002086162567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4708791673183441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44216105341911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4217250943183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2703680992126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11924475431442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10704970359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.09491315484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07809707522392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112799","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2799/pdf?version=1685338672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:51dee13770a049a18a35500d3d1bdca8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/51dee13770a049a18a35500d3d1bdca8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 2799 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/11/2799/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 11; Pages: 2799","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112799","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2799/pdf?version=1685338672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378588795.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970991873","https://openalex.org/W1983818779","https://openalex.org/W1984191878","https://openalex.org/W2022512855","https://openalex.org/W2028083984","https://openalex.org/W2035196255","https://openalex.org/W2065401301","https://openalex.org/W2122450383","https://openalex.org/W2123844500","https://openalex.org/W2130464813","https://openalex.org/W2133344311","https://openalex.org/W2138126656","https://openalex.org/W2174904160","https://openalex.org/W2221968243","https://openalex.org/W2296685749","https://openalex.org/W2313448762","https://openalex.org/W2325182651","https://openalex.org/W2482464033","https://openalex.org/W2566692295","https://openalex.org/W2585255211","https://openalex.org/W2754470632","https://openalex.org/W2754869336","https://openalex.org/W2761729105","https://openalex.org/W2766684008","https://openalex.org/W2777096355","https://openalex.org/W2791812724","https://openalex.org/W2798379399","https://openalex.org/W2905100780","https://openalex.org/W2924496886","https://openalex.org/W2936497219","https://openalex.org/W2966590113","https://openalex.org/W2974449456","https://openalex.org/W3000122696","https://openalex.org/W3010920006","https://openalex.org/W3042095125","https://openalex.org/W3126079966","https://openalex.org/W3157225704","https://openalex.org/W3161722344","https://openalex.org/W3164189935","https://openalex.org/W3175392337","https://openalex.org/W3204597320","https://openalex.org/W3206958772","https://openalex.org/W6744310114","https://openalex.org/W6794569026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forest":[0],"inventory":[1,15,144],"has":[2,16],"been":[3],"relying":[4],"on":[5],"labor-intensive":[6],"manual":[7],"measurements.":[8],"Using":[9],"remote":[10],"sensing":[11],"modalities":[12],"for":[13,27,70,87],"forest":[14,73,143],"gained":[17],"increasing":[18],"attention":[19],"in":[20,155,179,284],"the":[21,37,77,80,121,129,156,160,163,189,193,205,209,221,225,239,250,256,285,290],"last":[22],"few":[23],"decades.":[24],"However,":[25,268],"tools":[26],"deriving":[28],"accurate":[29,273],"tree-level":[30],"metrics":[31],"are":[32,153],"limited.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"investigates":[36],"feasibility":[38],"of":[39,79,162,192,213,224,255,289],"using":[40,94],"LiDAR":[41],"units":[42],"onboard":[43],"uncrewed":[44],"aerial":[45],"vehicle":[46],"(UAV)":[47],"and":[48,91,97,123,135,151,168,174,186,234],"Backpack":[49,170,206,257,291],"mobile":[50],"mapping":[51],"systems":[52],"(MMSs)":[53],"equipped":[54],"with":[55,272],"an":[56,235],"integrated":[57],"Global":[58],"Navigation":[59,62],"Satellite":[60],"System/Inertial":[61],"System":[63],"(GNSS/INS)":[64],"to":[65,201,231,262,269],"provide":[66],"high-quality":[67],"point":[68,82,195,226,258,277],"clouds":[69,196],"accurate,":[71],"fine-resolution":[72],"inventory.":[74],"To":[75,158],"improve":[76],"quality":[78],"acquired":[81],"clouds,":[83],"a":[84,247,282],"system-driven":[85],"strategy":[86],"mounting":[88],"parameters":[89,134],"estimation":[90],"trajectory":[92,136,187,211,217,266,286],"enhancement":[93,218,287],"terrain":[95],"patches":[96],"tree":[98,148],"trunks":[99],"is":[100,279],"proposed.":[101],"By":[102],"minimizing":[103],"observed":[104],"discrepancies":[105],"among":[106],"conjugate":[107],"features":[108],"captured":[109],"at":[110,238],"different":[111],"timestamps":[112],"from":[113,198,228],"multiple":[114],"tracks":[115],"by":[116,128],"single/multiple":[117],"systems,":[118],"while":[119],"considering":[120],"absolute":[122,236,274],"relative":[124,222],"positional/rotational":[125],"information":[126,137],"provided":[127],"GNSS/INS":[130],"trajectory,":[131,249],"system":[132,184],"calibration":[133,185],"can":[138,243],"be":[139,244],"refined.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"some":[142],"metrics,":[145],"such":[146],"as":[147,281],"trunk":[149],"radius":[150],"orientation,":[152],"derived":[154],"process.":[157],"evaluate":[159],"performance":[161],"proposed":[164],"strategy,":[165],"three":[166],"UAV":[167,194,276],"two":[169],"datasets":[171],"covering":[172],"young":[173],"mature":[175],"plantations":[176],"were":[177],"used":[178],"this":[180],"study.":[181],"Through":[182],"sequential":[183],"enhancement,":[188],"spatial":[190],"accuracy":[191,237],"improved":[197,220],"20":[199],"cm":[200,230,241,264],"5":[202],"cm.":[203],"For":[204,246],"datasets,":[207],"when":[208],"initial":[210,251],"was":[212,260],"reasonable":[214],"quality,":[215],"conducting":[216],"significantly":[219],"alignment":[223],"cloud":[227,259,278],"30":[229],"3":[232],"cm,":[233],"10":[240],"level":[242],"achieved.":[245],"lower-quality":[248],"1":[252],"m":[253],"misalignment":[254],"reduced":[261],"6":[263],"through":[265],"enhancement.":[267],"derive":[270],"products":[271],"accuracy,":[275],"required":[280],"reference":[283],"process":[288],"dataset.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
