{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378528275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112794","title":"Mapping Paddy Rice Planting Area in Dongting Lake Area Combining Time Series Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Images","display_name":"Mapping Paddy Rice Planting Area in Dongting Lake Area Combining Time Series Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378528275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2794/pdf?version=1685356930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2794/pdf?version=1685356930","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112924342","display_name":"Qin Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105623471","display_name":"Zhiguang Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035506502","display_name":"Linghua Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-7662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049061043","display_name":"Guojie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-0445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058365163","display_name":"Gang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-0196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021628435","display_name":"Meifeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-5267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meifeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052222567","display_name":"Guoqing Sang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105623471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.6667,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9475176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2794","last_page":"2794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenology","display_name":"Phenology","score":0.5309944152832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5232136249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49734190106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cropping","display_name":"Cropping","score":0.49314945936203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paddy-field","display_name":"Paddy field","score":0.4726784825325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.3720822334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3576790690422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.23079359531402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.2100936770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11380770802497864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.5309944152832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5232136249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49734190106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.49314945936203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.4726784825325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3720822334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3576790690422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.23079359531402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2100936770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11380770802497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2794/pdf?version=1685356930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc1dffba48bc4a52bb6821fa3181fcb8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc1dffba48bc4a52bb6821fa3181fcb8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 2794 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/11/2794/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 11; Pages: 2794","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2794/pdf?version=1685356930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3260244467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ30245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322191","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326692","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378528275.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W600580655","https://openalex.org/W612661449","https://openalex.org/W1581616487","https://openalex.org/W1950296462","https://openalex.org/W1967395374","https://openalex.org/W1969666701","https://openalex.org/W1986738039","https://openalex.org/W1990269578","https://openalex.org/W1991361881","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2011475440","https://openalex.org/W2027249140","https://openalex.org/W2032445183","https://openalex.org/W2042386716","https://openalex.org/W2058312673","https://openalex.org/W2058723831","https://openalex.org/W2060279209","https://openalex.org/W2068427983","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2128438912","https://openalex.org/W2133941557","https://openalex.org/W2155289042","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2468363661","https://openalex.org/W2530994867","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2609996329","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2742500659","https://openalex.org/W2745131289","https://openalex.org/W2772282024","https://openalex.org/W2790566932","https://openalex.org/W2793327769","https://openalex.org/W2794540952","https://openalex.org/W2796164191","https://openalex.org/W2887506872","https://openalex.org/W2905254777","https://openalex.org/W2906082293","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913065079","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2937182631","https://openalex.org/W2939118835","https://openalex.org/W2941981513","https://openalex.org/W2943472941","https://openalex.org/W2948917077","https://openalex.org/W2973071571","https://openalex.org/W2996984840","https://openalex.org/W3000309135","https://openalex.org/W3014154233","https://openalex.org/W3023727915","https://openalex.org/W3043490760","https://openalex.org/W3080549061","https://openalex.org/W3089478129","https://openalex.org/W3097114600","https://openalex.org/W3105549388","https://openalex.org/W3106880144","https://openalex.org/W3119089275","https://openalex.org/W3119957589","https://openalex.org/W3125947825","https://openalex.org/W3129412873","https://openalex.org/W3144057279","https://openalex.org/W3151208719","https://openalex.org/W3160505291","https://openalex.org/W3170310428","https://openalex.org/W3181628742","https://openalex.org/W3181788155","https://openalex.org/W3190335843","https://openalex.org/W3215048264","https://openalex.org/W4200112865","https://openalex.org/W4214514325","https://openalex.org/W4224127181","https://openalex.org/W4244713694","https://openalex.org/W4297181085","https://openalex.org/W4306771920","https://openalex.org/W4322102729","https://openalex.org/W6642610809","https://openalex.org/W6661103286","https://openalex.org/W6749181838","https://openalex.org/W6750320670","https://openalex.org/W6754214970","https://openalex.org/W6795293062","https://openalex.org/W6796425986","https://openalex.org/W6808776031","https://openalex.org/W6850151595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373524250","https://openalex.org/W4206027277","https://openalex.org/W2388003193","https://openalex.org/W2367450255","https://openalex.org/W2243549226","https://openalex.org/W3128824461","https://openalex.org/W96071508","https://openalex.org/W2156132268","https://openalex.org/W2184048517","https://openalex.org/W2078073419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,7,22,31,52,85,135,156,185,191,239,261,273,287,295,303,318,340,343,355],"timely":[2],"acquisition":[3],"of":[4,10,38,83,106,123,130,168,224,246,256,311,325,352,357],"cropping":[5],"intensity":[6],"spatial":[8],"distribution":[9,336],"paddy":[11,107,169,181],"rice":[12,66,131,227,249,257,277,353],"is":[13,50,77],"not":[14],"only":[15],"an":[16],"important":[17,91],"basis":[18,347],"for":[19,27,92,103,212,236,276,348],"monitoring":[20],"growth":[21],"predicting":[23],"yields,":[24],"but":[25],"also":[26,344],"ensuring":[28],"food":[29],"security":[30],"optimizing":[32],"the":[33,43,55,100,119,149,166,173,176,198,203,213,221,225,243,253,288,300,309,323,349],"agricultural":[34],"production":[35,354],"management":[36],"system":[37],"cropland.":[39],"However,":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,61,79,98,117,132,159,196],"monsoon":[44],"climate":[45],"in":[46,144,330,337],"southern":[47],"China,":[48],"it":[49,59,96],"cloudy":[51,339],"rainy":[53,341],"throughout":[54,165],"year,":[56],"which":[57,297],"makes":[58],"difficult":[60,97],"obtain":[62,133],"accurate":[63,137],"information":[64,150],"on":[65,69,151],"cultivation":[67,358],"based":[68],"optical":[70,313],"time":[71],"series":[72],"images.":[73],"Conventional":[74],"image":[75],"synthesis":[76],"prone":[78],"omission":[80],"or":[81,284],"redundancy":[82],"spectral":[84],"temporal":[86],"features":[87,102,125,153,174,195],"that":[88,220,270,299],"are":[89,142,207],"potentially":[90],"rice-growth":[93],"identification,":[94],"making":[95],"determine":[99],"optimal":[101,199],"high-precision":[104],"mapping":[105,138],"rice.":[108,241],"To":[109],"address":[110],"these":[111],"issues,":[112],"we":[113,268],"develop":[114],"a":[115,338,346],"method":[116],"granulate":[118],"effective":[120],"use":[121],"interval":[122],"classification":[124,289],"by":[126,293,316],"extracting":[127],"phenological":[128,163,189],"signatures":[129],"cost-effective":[134],"highly":[136],"results.":[139],"Two":[140],"steps":[141],"involved":[143],"this":[145],"method:":[146],"(1)":[147],"analyzing":[148],"various":[152],"(spectra,":[154],"polarization,":[155],"seasonal":[157],"regularity)":[158],"identify":[160],"three":[161],"key":[162],"periods":[164],"lifespan":[167],"rice;":[170],"(2)":[171],"identifying":[172],"with":[175,231,252,333],"highest":[177],"class":[178],"separation":[179],"between":[180],"rice,":[182],"non-paddy":[183],"crops,":[184],"wetlands":[186],"under":[187],"different":[188],"stages;":[190],"(3)":[192],"removing":[193],"redundant":[194],"retain":[197],"feature":[200,205],"combinations.":[201],"Subsequently,":[202],"obtained":[204],"sets":[206],"used":[208],"as":[209],"input":[210],"data":[211,305],"random":[214],"forest":[215],"classifier.":[216],"The":[217],"results":[218,228],"showed":[219],"overall":[222],"accuracy":[223,290],"identified":[226],"was":[229,264,279,291],"95.44%":[230],"F1":[232],"scores":[233],"above":[234],"93%":[235],"both":[237],"single-":[238],"double-cropping":[240],"Meanwhile,":[242],"correlation":[244],"coefficient":[245],"our":[247],"mapped":[248],"area":[250,258],"compared":[251],"official":[254],"statistics":[255],"at":[259],"county":[260],"district":[262],"levels":[263],"0.86.":[265],"In":[266],"addition,":[267],"found":[269],"combining":[271],"Sentinel-1":[272,283,302],"Sentinel-2":[274,285,304],"images":[275,314],"recognition":[278],"better":[280],"than":[281],"using":[282],"alone,":[286],"improved":[292],"5.82%":[294],"2.39%,":[296],"confirms":[298],"synergistic":[301],"can":[306],"effectively":[307],"overcome":[308],"problem":[310],"missing":[312],"caused":[315],"clouds":[317],"rain.":[319],"Our":[320],"study":[321],"demonstrates":[322],"potential":[324],"distinguishing":[326],"mixed":[327],"rice-cropping":[328],"systems":[329],"subtropical":[331],"regions":[332],"fragmented":[334],"rice-field":[335],"environment,":[342],"provides":[345],"rational":[350],"layout":[351],"improvement":[356],"systems.":[359]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}