{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378528377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112792","title":"Sequential Generation of Multi-GNSS Multi-Frequency PPP-RTK Products and Their Performance Using the EUREF Permanent GNSS Network","display_name":"Sequential Generation of Multi-GNSS Multi-Frequency PPP-RTK Products and Their Performance Using the EUREF Permanent GNSS Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378528377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112792","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2792/pdf?version=1685176951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2792/pdf?version=1685176951","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092032795","display_name":"Hans Daniel Platz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9514-4825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hans Daniel Platz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical and Satellite Geodesy, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str. 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical and Satellite Geodesy, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str. 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092032795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2754,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2970},"fwci":0.8228,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83159721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2792","last_page":"2792"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8509570360183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","score":0.8488427400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.764219343662262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7315437197685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-kinematic","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","score":0.5951757431030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.532143771648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5314138531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5264259576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5059723258018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4727402925491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.45589521527290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4429143965244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4109857380390167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.38595151901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21637886762619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13430440425872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13186022639274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08074763417243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08063280582427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.072490394115448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8509570360183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.8488427400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.764219343662262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7315437197685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93103318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980965","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","level":4,"score":0.5951757431030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.532143771648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5314138531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5264259576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5059723258018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4727402925491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.45589521527290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4429143965244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4109857380390167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.38595151901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21637886762619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13430440425872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13186022639274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08074763417243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08063280582427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.072490394115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112792","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2792/pdf?version=1685176951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0e83eef032d4f9787815009d2ca639b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0e83eef032d4f9787815009d2ca639b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 2792 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/11/2792/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 11; Pages: 2792","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:143253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/143253/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112792","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2792/pdf?version=1685176951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8330397625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Funding","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378528377.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137176172","https://openalex.org/W1648518006","https://openalex.org/W1922136352","https://openalex.org/W1972063889","https://openalex.org/W1977996443","https://openalex.org/W2004869411","https://openalex.org/W2009172466","https://openalex.org/W2030492481","https://openalex.org/W2045309674","https://openalex.org/W2065632540","https://openalex.org/W2068657587","https://openalex.org/W2073295500","https://openalex.org/W2079935542","https://openalex.org/W2098334401","https://openalex.org/W2102582910","https://openalex.org/W2437064927","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2961061562","https://openalex.org/W2963060769","https://openalex.org/W2966249666","https://openalex.org/W2977174889","https://openalex.org/W3093768365","https://openalex.org/W3170356640","https://openalex.org/W3179260230","https://openalex.org/W3197322771","https://openalex.org/W4200417240","https://openalex.org/W4220957545","https://openalex.org/W4240109574","https://openalex.org/W4248898473","https://openalex.org/W4292869763","https://openalex.org/W6605613189","https://openalex.org/W6675448856","https://openalex.org/W6801027599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186627438","https://openalex.org/W3110733200","https://openalex.org/W2056959155","https://openalex.org/W4375815606","https://openalex.org/W3036334520","https://openalex.org/W2216248235","https://openalex.org/W831686562","https://openalex.org/W4229451083","https://openalex.org/W4220815317","https://openalex.org/W2339792652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,42,65],"the":[1,18,43,60,80,106,142,260],"classic":[2],"Precise":[3],"Point":[4],"Positioning":[5],"(PPP)":[6],"approach,":[7,48,116],"observations":[8,76,136,168,205,211,240],"of":[9,145,158,188,194,226],"Global":[10],"Navigation":[11],"Satellite":[12],"Systems":[13],"(GNSS)":[14],"are":[15,52,77,93,137,169,206,212,290],"processed":[16,78,170],"at":[17,59,79,105],"network":[19,61,81,107],"level":[20],"to":[21,32,97,118,125,256],"generate":[22],"satellite":[23,49,148],"clocks":[24],"and":[25,62,74,82,100,108,120,147,154,166,173,200,241],"positions.":[26],"This":[27],"information":[28],"can":[29,270],"be":[30,272],"used":[31],"enable":[33],"accurate":[34],"point":[35],"positioning":[36],"for":[37,95,198,280],"a":[38,86,112,127,159,214,249,267],"single":[39,130],"GNSS":[40],"receiver.":[41],"PPP":[44],"Real-Time":[45],"Kinematic":[46],"(PPP-RTK)":[47],"phase":[50,149,251],"biases":[51,150],"considered":[53],"as":[54],"well,":[55],"enabling":[56,91],"ambiguity":[57,101,114],"resolution":[58,102],"user":[63,83,109,161],"levels.":[64],"this":[66],"research,":[67],"30":[68],"s":[69],"multi-frequency":[70,135,165,204,239],"raw":[71],"GPS,":[72],"Galileo,":[73],"BDS-2/3":[75],"levels":[84,110],"in":[85,181,186,219,224,235,242,259],"sequential":[87],"Kalman":[88],"filter.":[89],"PPP-RTK":[90],"products":[92],"generated":[94],"up":[96],"five":[98],"frequencies,":[99],"is":[103,171,179,217],"performed":[104],"using":[111],"flexible":[113],"reparameterization":[115],"comparable":[117],"wide-":[119],"narrow-laning,":[121],"which":[122],"has":[123],"shown":[124],"yield":[126],"significantly":[128],"improved":[129],"epoch":[131],"coordinate":[132,162,261],"solution":[133,163,178,216,232,269],"when":[134,164,203,283],"available.":[138],"Different":[139],"assumptions":[140],"regarding":[141],"time":[143],"stability":[144],"receiver":[146],"have":[151],"been":[152],"made":[153],"compared.":[155,174],"The":[156,229,263],"availability":[157],"precise":[160,176],"dual-frequency":[167,210,246],"assessed":[172],"A":[175],"ambiguity-fixed":[177],"available":[180,218],"three":[182],"epochs":[183,221,237,244],"or":[184,222,286],"fewer":[185,223],"77%":[187],"all":[189,227],"cases":[190],"with":[191,238,245,278],"an":[192,257],"average":[193],"24":[195],"visible":[196],"satellites":[197,285],"static":[199],"kinematic":[201],"receivers":[202],"processed.":[207],"When":[208],"only":[209],"considered,":[213],"fixed":[215,231,268],"seven":[220],"71%":[225],"cases.":[228],"fastest":[230],"was":[233],"found":[234,273],"two":[236],"six":[243],"observations.":[247],"Estimating":[248],"reference":[250],"clock":[252],"did":[253],"not":[254],"lead":[255],"improvement":[258,282],"solution.":[262],"findings":[264],"indicate":[265],"that":[266],"potentially":[271],"faster":[274],"than":[275],"often":[276],"suggested,":[277],"potential":[279],"further":[281],"more":[284],"regional":[287],"atmospheric":[288],"corrections":[289],"considered.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
